Dr. N.

Subramanian 1

STRUCTURAL STEEL: TYPES,

PROPERTIES & PRODUCTS-III
STRUCTURAL STEEL PRODUCTS
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They are classified into the following:

 Flat hot rolled products – plates, flat bars,

sheets and strips

 Hot rolled sections – rolled shapes, and

hollow structural sections

 Bolts

 Welding electrodes

 Cold rolled shapes

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 Hot Rolled Sections
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 Choice of Section
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 Governed by the cross-sectional area, section

modulus and radius of gyration
 IS:808 and IS handbook No.1 lists the
properties
 Important: Availability in the market and the
ease with which they may be connected
(medium channels, beams and many equal
angles are readily obtained)
 Catalogs from SAIL, Tata Steel, Essar Steel,
etc
Dr. N. Subramanian
 Choice of section
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 IS:1852 gives allowable rolling tolerances:

Thickness, amount of flange and web
warping and deviation of web warping.
 In IS 800:2007 there is no min. thickness
requirements
 However better to use min. thickness of
6mm for the main members and 5mm for
secondary members exposed to the
atmosphere, especially in coastal areas

Dr. N. Subramanian
 Wide Flange Sections
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 These beams have flanges in which the

planes are nearly parallel.

•Excellentsectional performance- high bending and

buckling resistance
•Easy fabrication – no tapered washer while bolting;
gussets welded directly.
•Economical due to higherDr.ZN.for the same weight.
Subramanian
 WELDED AND HYBRID SECTIONS
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 Tapered / Castellated girders
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 Tubular Sections (IS 1161)
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 Hollow Sections (IS 4923)
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 Cold formed Sections (IS 801 )
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 Cold formed steel sections are made from

light-gauge steel strips, 2mm to 4mm thick
(20 B.G.- 8 B.G.)
 Due the possibility of local instability, lips
are provided to give increased stiffness.

Dr. N. Subramanian
 HIGH-PERFORMANCE STEEL
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 High performance steel, HPS-485W, was

developed in USA, during 1994
 Enhancements in: weldability, toughness,
corrosion resistance, ductility, fatigue and fire
resistance, formability, and strength.
 As of November 2001, 121 HPS bridges are at
various stages of design and construction.
 Three grades of HPS : HPS-345W, HPS-485W,
and HPS-690W; HPS 485W is widely used.

Dr. N. Subramanian
 HPS Bridge
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 The bridge in Tennessee is a two-span continuous

structure on state Route 53 over Martin Creek in
Jackson County- 25% reduction in weight and 16%
in cost

Dr. N. Subramanian
 STAINLESS STEEL
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 Stainless steel developed in the 20th century

as a rust-resistant alloy steel (low carbon and
> 10.5% chromium).
 Available grades: SS 304, SS 304L, SS 306,
SS 409 & SS 430

Dr. N. Subramanian
 Stainless Steel
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Stress-Stain curve and India’s first stainless steel roof

at Hissar, Haryana
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 Advantages of Steel as Structural Material
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 High Strength
 High Ductility
 Uniformity
 Environment-friendly
 Versatile
 Amenable for Prefabrication
 Permanence
 Easy to repair and add additional structure

Dr. N. Subramanian
 Advantages of Steel as Structural Material
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 Least Disturbance to Community

 Fracture Toughness

 Elasticity

Steel also has a few disadvantages:

 Maintenance cost due to painting

 Fire-proofing costs

 Susceptibility to Buckling

 Reduction in strength due to Fatigue loads

Dr. N. Subramanian
 TYPES OF STEEL STRUCTURES
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 Different structural members in industrial
buildings
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• Beams (purlins,
girts)

• Tension
members (ties,
bracings)

• Compression
members
(columns)

• Beam-columns

• Torsion
members

Dr. N. Subramanian • plates

 EXAMPLES OF STEEL STRUCTURES
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 The following slides show different types of

structures in which steel has been used a
structural material.
 They include
 Bridges
 Towers
 Multi-storey buildings
 Storage tanks
 Industrial buildings, etc
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 Pamban Railway Bridge, Rameshwaram
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 Bogibeel Bridge
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 Saraighat Bridge
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 PancharatnaBridge
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 Aircraft Hangar
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 Aircraft Hangar
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 Cargo Hangar – GNBI Airport
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 Cargo Hangar – GNBI Airport
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Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco
 

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Willis (Sears) Tower, Water Tank &
Transmission line Tower
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Beijing National Olympics Stadium in Beijing,
China
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 A typical pre-engineered building, Kansas
City, MO, USA
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 The Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los
Angeles, CA, USA
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 Fabrication and Erection
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 Activities in the fabrication shop include:

 Exact cutting of length based on the fabrication drawing
 Straightening of members
 Cambering of beams
 Drilling or punching of holes
 Welding of gusset plates
 Machining of butt joints, caps and bases
 Surface preparation such as shot blasting
 Painting or galvanizing after pickling in acids
 Marking
 Shop assembly and erection
 Inspection and testing
 Packing

Dr. N. Subramanian