Hazard Assessment

Why Hazard Assessment?

 29 CFR Part 1910. Subpart I
 Increases Awareness of Workplace
Hazards
 Provides opportunity to identify and control
workplace hazards
 Can lead to increased productivity
 May prevent an Occupational Injury or
Illness
 What is PPE?

Equipment worn by an
employee that is designed
to prevent injury or illness
from a specific hazard.
 Before PPE
 Administrative Controls
– Change Work Practices
– Change Hazardous Duties
– Cease Hazardous Duties
 Engineering Controls
– Sound insulation
– Guards
– Tools
 Administrative Changes !
For Example.... Vs
 Working off Ladder  Working off Scaffold
 Oil based paint  Water based paint
 Sand blasting in  Sand blasting in
booth cabinet
 Jackhammering  Hole Ram
 Gloved hand  Hot Sticks
 Engineering Controls
 Machine Guards
 Sound deadening/dampening
 Shielding
 Controlling Hazards
PPE devices alone should not be
relied on to provide protection
against hazards, but should be
used in conjunction with guards,
engineering controls, and sound
work practices .
 Assessment and Selection
It is necessary to consider certain general
guidelines for assessing the foot, head, eye
and face, and hand hazard situations that exist
in an occupational operation or process, and
to match the protective devices to the
particular hazard. It is the responsibility of the
supervisor to exercise common sense and
appropriate expertise to accomplish these
tasks.
 Assessment Guidelines.
Conduct a walk through survey of the
areas in question. The purpose of the
survey (or field observation) is to
identify sources of hazards to workers
and co workers.
 Hazard Sources
 sources of MOTION
 sources of EXTREME temperatures
 types of chemical exposures
 sources of harmful dust
 sources of light radiation
 sources of falling objects or potential for dropping objects
 sources of sharp objects
 sources or rolling or pinching objects
 layout of workplace and location of co workers
 any electrical hazards
 In addition....

injury/ accident data should be

reviewed to help identify problem
areas.
 Organize data
Following the walkthrough survey, it is
necessary to organize the data and information
for use in the assessment of hazards. The
objective is to prepare for an analysis of the
hazards in the environment to enable proper
selection of protective equipment.
 Analyze data
 Having gathered and organized data on a
workplace, an estimate of the potential for
injuries should be made. Each of the basic
hazards should be reviewed and a
determination made as to the type, level of
risk. and seriousness of potential injury from
each of the hazards found in the area.
 The possibility of exposure to several hazards
simultaneously should be considered.
 Selection guidelines
 Become familiar with the potential hazards
and the type of protective equipment that is
available, and what it can do; i.e.., splash
protection, impact protection, etc.
 Compare the hazards associated with the
environment; i.e.., impact velocities, masses,
projectile shape, radiation intensities, with
the capabilities of the available protective
equipment
 Selection guidelines (cont.)
 Select the protective equipment which
ensures a level of protection greater
than the minimum required to protect
employees from the hazards.
 Fit the user with the protective device
and give instructions on care and use of
the PPE.
 Selection Note
 It is very important that end users be
made aware of all warning labels for
and limitations of their PPE
 Reassessment of hazards
It is the responsibility of the supervisor to
reassess the workplace hazard situation
as necessary, by identifying and
evaluating new equipment and
processes, reviewing accident records,
and reevaluating the suitability of
previously selected PPE
So how do I Do all This????
JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS
 Job Safety Analysis
The breaking down into its component
parts of any method or procedure to
determine the hazards connected with
each key step and the requirements for
performing it safely.
 Job Safety Analysis Priorities

 New Jobs
 Severity Potential
 History of Disabling
Injuries
 Frequency of Accidents
 Job Safety Analysis
 Job means “task”
 (Changing a tire not auto mechanic)
 “key” steps
 too detailed becomes cumbersome
 not enough detail becomes useless
 Break job down into key steps
AVOID!!
 making the breakdown so detailed That
an unnecessarily large number of steps
results
 making the job breakdown so general
that basic steps are not recorded
 Key Steps TOO MUCH
Changing a Flat Tire
 Pull off road
 Put car in “park”
 Set brake
 Activate emergency flashers
 Open door
 Get out of car
 Walk to trunk
 Put key in lock
 Open trunk
 Remove jack
 Remove Spare tire
 Key Steps NOT ENOUGH
Changing a Flat Tire
 Park car
 take off flat tire
 put on spare tire
 drive away
 Key Job Steps JUST RIGHT
Changing a Flat tire
 Park car, set brake  tighten lug nuts
 remove jack & tire  store tire & jack
from trunk
 loosen log nuts
 jack up car
 remove tire
 set new tire
 jack down car
 Hazards
 Parking Car  Jacking up car
– Struck by Traffic – car could fall off jack
 Removing tire & jack  Setting new tire
– Back Strain – fingers pinched
– bang head on trunk – back strain
 Loosen lug nuts  Tighten nuts
– back/arm strain – back strain
– slip & fall – slip & fall
 Work Observation
 Select experienced worker(s) who will
cooperate and participate in the JSA
process.
 Explain purpose of JSA
 Observe the employee perform the job
and write down basic steps
 Completely describe each step
 Note deviations (Very Important!)
 Job Safety Analysis

KEY STEP

HAZARD HAZARD

PROTECTION PROTECTION PROTECTION

 Identify Hazards &
Potential Accidents
 Search for Hazards
 Produced by Work
 Produced by Environment
 Repeat job observation as many times
as necessary to identify all hazards
 Develop Solutions
 Find a new way to do job
 Change physical conditions that create
hazards
 Change the work procedure
 Reduce frequency
 New way to do job
 Determine the work goal of the job, and
then analyze the various ways of
reaching this goal to see which way is
safest.
 Consider work saving tools and
equipment.
 Change in physical conditions
 Tools, materials, equipment layout or
location
 Study change carefully for other
benefits (costs, time savings)
 Change in work procedures
 What should the worker do to eliminate
the hazard
 How should it be done?
 Document changes in detail
 Reduce frequency
 What can be done to reduce the
frequency of the job??
 Identify parts that cause frequent
repairs - change
 Reduce vibration save machine parts
 What effects??
 A job that has been redesigned may
affect other jobs or work processes.
 Check or reobserve the new process
once it has been redesigned