Welcome

History & Technological

development of Computer

EPC-3 Unit 1
 History of computer
Early computing machines
(Mechanical)
Man used his fingers, ropes, beads,
bones, pebbles and other objects for
counting.
 abacus
• about 3000 BC The abacus is invented,
probably in Babylonia
• beads on rods to count and calculate
• still widely used in Asia!
abacus
Napier’s Bones

 John Napier 
1617
Napier’s Bones
How to use it?
Blaise Pascal’s
Pascaline
(1645)
Pascaline
Pascaline
The Father of Computers

• Charles Babbage (1791-

1871)
• taught math at
Cambridge University
• invented a mechanical
computer equivalent to
modern digital computers
Charles Babbage’s Difference Engine
Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine
• general-purpose
• used binary system
• punched cards as input
• branch on result of previous
instruction
• Ada Lovelace (first programmer)
• machined parts not accurate
enough
• never quite completed
 Generation of computer

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation

1945-55 1955-65 1965-75 1975-90- 1990- Present

Present
First Generation

• Vacuum tubes
• Plug, Wires, Relay
• No Storage
• Huge size
• Generate lot of heat
• Very costly
• ENIAC, UNIVAC
Transistor evolution
First transistor made from
materials including a
paper clip and a razor
blade.
TRANSISTOR – was a three-
legged component which
shrunk the size of the
space occupied by a
vacuum tube. required no
warm-up time and
consumed less electricity.
 Generation of computer
Sceond Generation

• Transistors
• Storage- semi conductor
• Lesser in size than 1st generation
• Faster than 1st generation
• Assembly language (ADD,SUB etc)
• IBM-1620, UNIVAC-1108
 The Integrated Circuit
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS – are square silicon chips
containing circuitry that can perform the
functions of hundreds of transistors.

First IC-------
 Generation of computer
Third Generation
• ICs (Integrated Circuit)
• Less power requirement
• Smaller in size than previous generation
• Faster than 1st & 2nd gen. computer
• Multi programming
• High language (FORTON,COBOL, C etc)
• IBM System/360
 Generation of computer
Fourth
Generation
• Microprocessors
• VLSI( Very Large Scale Integration)
• Easily portable
• Faster, cheaper, general purpose
• Internet
• High language (C++, html etc)
 Generation of computer
Fifth
Generation
• Microprocessors
• ULSI( Ultra Large Scale Integration)
• Light weight, User friendly
• AI (Artificial Intelligence)
• .NET, JAVA, PHP etc
 To be continued…
Prepared by
RK Ranjan