SPEECH DEFECT

Speech and language disorder is a

problem in communication and
related areas such as oral motor
function.
 Kinds of Speech Defect (IDEA)
• Stuttering
• Impaired articulation
• Language impairment or voice impairment
 CLASSIFICATION
• Speech Disorder- difficulties in producing
speech . It includes phonological disorder,
dysfluency and voice disorder.
• A. Phonological disorder-failure to use
developmentally expected speech sounds
• B. Dysfluency or Stuttering-interruption in the
normal fluency and time patterning of speech
• C. Voice Disorder- inappropriate pitch,
loudness and quality of voice
• Language Disorder
• A. Receptive – inability to understand the
language code such as word meaning, making
new words, words using affixes
• B. Expressive –inability to know enough
language rules to share thoughts, ideas and
feelings
• C. Mixed Receptive-Expressive- includes all
symptoms of language disorder
CAUSES OF SPEECH & LANGUAGE DOSORDER
Congenital malformations, prenatal injury, tumors
Exposure to teratogens such as x-rays, viruses,and
environmental toxins
German measles
Traumatic brain injury
Meningitis
Abnormalities in respiration
Limited tongue mobility
 BEST PRACTICES AT SCHOOL
• Speech Disorder
• DISCRIMINATION ACTIVITIES- the child is
trained to listen carefully so he can detect the
difference between similar sounds and to
differentiate between correct and distorted
speech sounds.
• PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES- the child is trained
to produce the correct speech sounds in
different situations. The training includes
different exercises to perfect the problematic
sounds.
 For children who are STUTTERING, the
following can be done:
• Maintain eye contact with the child when he is
speaking.
• Pay attention to the message of the speech
rather than how the child said it.
• Don´t give the child special treatment because of
his condition.
• Know the interest of the child so you can
encourage him to engage in meaningful
conversation.
• Let the child talk and do not interupt him
during this time.
• Model the correct pronunciation, vocabulary
and grammar.
• Use tape recorder in drills.
• Expose the child to group activities to
encourage him to speak.
• Language Disorder
• DIDACTIC TEACHING APPROACHES
– Unlock difficult or unfamiliar words
– Use story and song board with pictures
– Create a word wall
– Use graphic organizers and mnemonic aids
– Encourage the use of journals,emails ans social
network sites to develop written language skills
• NATURALISTIC INTERVENTION- this is also
known as millieu teaching strategies. It looks
like conversation between the teacher or the
therapist and the child with SLD than a
structured teaching. It exposes the child with
different experiences, situations, people and
other stimuli that can encourage him to
engage in meaningful conversations.
• ALTERNATIVE & AUGMENTED
COMMUNICATION- used by people who are
unable to use the standard form. It is often
used by those who are nonverbal.
 Types of AAC (Heward)
• 1. Aided Aac Technique of Communication- it
involves an external device or piece of
equipment like paper and pencil (no-tech),
switches to transmit words or phrases (low-
tech) and computerized voice output (high-
tech).
• 2.Unaided AAc Techniques of Communication
It does not require physical aid or device. Ex.
Oral speech, gestures, facial expressions,
posture and sign language.
• Creating a no-tech AAC:
– Compile an augmented vocabulary of the child.
– Develop a collection of symbol or pictures that
represents the child´s augmented vocabulary.
– Create a communication board-can be illustration
board or any flat surface on which the symbols are
arranged and attached for use.
– Provide situational board-can be used in a
particular situation like restaurant, mall or
classroom.
4 Major Speech & Language Impairments

• 1. Articulation-impairments where children

produce sounds incorrectly
• 2. Fluency-the flow of speech is disrupted by
sound, syllables and words that are repeated
• 3. Voice-the child´s voice has abnormal quality to
its pitch, resonance or loudness
• 4. Language-the child has problems expressing
his needs, ideas, or information or in
understanding what they hear.
 Characteristics of Language Disorder

• Improper use of words and their meaning

• Inability to express ideas
• Inappropriate grammatical patterns
• Reduced vocabulary
• Inability to follow directions
 Causes of Speech Defect
• Hearing loss
• Neurological disorder
• Brain injury
• Intellectual disabilities
• Drug abuse
• Physical impairments (cleft lip or palate)
• Vocal abuse or misuse
 Advices of Filipino Professionals
• Referral to a specialist
• Work hand in hand with parents regarding the
concern of his/her child
• Pre-referral intervention
• Gain the child´s attention before giving the
direction
• All activities must be task-analyzed to ensure that
prerequisite skill is taught
• School/Center/Clinic intervention must be linked
with home intervention