Kimia Lingkungan 07/11/22

KIMIA LINGKUNGAN

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Kimia Lingkungan
 Kimia Lingkungan

 INILTRASI AIR KEDALAM TANAH

 LAPISAN TANAH BANYAK MENGANDUNG Ca dan Mg
 AIR TANAH BERSIFAT SADAH

 TANDA TANDA AIR SADAH

- Sabun sulit berbusa
- timbul kerak pada pemanas air, pipa saluran air panas

 BATAS KESADAHAN
500 mg/Ltr CaCO3 (500 ppm)

 METODE PENENTUAN KESADAHAN

1. Metode perhitungan (calculation method)
2. EDTA ( Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid) titration method
 Kimia Lingkungan

1. Undang Undang
2. Peraturan tentang pengendalian
pencemaran air badan air PP no 82
tahun 2001
3. SK Menteri, tentang baku mutu ,
limbah cair, SK MenLH No 51 tahun
1995
4. SK Gubernur DKI Jakarta no 582
tahun 1995
5. Permenkes no 416/1990
6. Permenkes No 492/2010
7. Standard Nasional Indonesia
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Jurusan kesehatan lingkungan

POLITEKNIK KESEHATAN JAKARTA II

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After this session, the students are expected to be able :

1. to explain the steps of determination of hardness

2. to explain the objectives of every step
3. to explain the function of reagents
4. to conduct the determination of hardness
5. to do the calculation in the determination of hardness
6. to arrange the report of the determination of hardness

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 Hardness in water cause by dissolved metal

ions such as Ca 2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, etc
Major content of Ca2+ and Mg2+ dissolved
 Review of Hardness contribution to Ca2+
and Mg2+
 If hardness in high level  high content Ca2+
and Mg2+ in water
 Usually in area close to mountain with
limestone  content of hardness is high

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For industrial :
 If hardness and CO 2-/HCO - are in high level in
3 3
water  slag formation
Ca2+ + CO32-  CaCO3(s)
Ca(HCO3)2 (heat) CaCO3(s) + H2O +CO2
For sanitation :
 Appearance of muddy water

 If use for washing  wastefully of soap

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Calsium Hardness Temporary Hardness

Total Hardness

Magnesium Hardness Permanent Hardness

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 Review cause of hardness are Ca2+ and Mg2+

 Determination of hardness by titrimetric method  Complexometric
 Standard solution  EDTA (Ethylen Diamin Tetra Acetic Acid)/Complexon
II/TItriplex II
 Complexon III/Titriplex III/Na-EDTA
 Unit of hardness :
1. oD (Germany Degree)
1oD = 10 mg CaO/L
2.oF (French Degree)
1oF = 10 mg CaCO3/L
3.oE (England Degree)
1oE = 1 g/gallon = 14,3 mg CaCO3/L
4. America Degree ( mg CaCO3/L)

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Principle :
Sample of water containing Ca2+ and Mg 2+ titrated by standard
solution EDTA at pH 10 to EBT as indicator until end point the
colour change from reddish-purple to light blue. At equivalence
point : mol Ca2+ + Mg2+ = mol EDTA

Reactions :
Ca2+ + HIn2-  CaIn- + H+
Mg2+ + HIn2-  MgIn- + H+
Ca2+ + H2Y2-  CaY2- + 2H+
Mg2+ + H2Y2-  MgY2- + 2H+
MgIn-(reddish-purple) + H2Y2-  MgY2- + HIn2- (blue) + H+

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Principle :
Temporary hardness in sample lose upon boiling for 15 minutes ,
Ca2+and Mg2+ in centrate titrated by standard solution EDTA at pH 10
to EBT as indicator. At end point the colour change from reddish-
purple to light blue
At equivalence point : mol Ca2+ + Mg2+ = mol EDTA

Reactions :
Ca(HCO3)2 (heat)  CaCO3(s) + H2O +CO2
Mg(HCO3)2 (heat)  Mg(OH)2(s) + CO2
Ca2+ + HIn2-  CaIn- + H+ // Mg2+ + HIn2-  MgIn- + H+
Ca2+ + H2Y2-  CaY2- + 2H+
Mg2+ + H2Y2-  MgY2- + 2H+
MgIn-(reddish-purple) + H2Y2-  MgY2- + HIn2- (blue) + H+
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Determined indirect as following :

Temporary hardness =
total hardness – permanent hardness

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Principle :
Content of Ca2+ in sample of water titrated by standard EDTA
solution at pH > 11 to Murexide as indicator. At end point the
colour change from red to bluish-purple
At equivalence point : mol Ca2+ = mol EDTA

Reaction :
Mg2+ + OH-  Mg(OH)2 (s)
Ca2+ + H2In3-  CaIn3- + 2H+
Ca2+ + H2Y2-  CaY2- + 2H+
CaIn3-(red) + H2Y2-  CaY2- + H2In3- (bluish-purple)
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Determined indirect as following :

Hardness of Mg2+ =
Total hardness – hardness of Ca2+

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