VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL

UNIVERSITY
BELGAUM, KARNATAKA

Comparative Study Of RC Multi-Storey Building

Subjected To Elevated Temperature For Different
Storeys
Presented by
SUSHMA R
USN: 1GA17CSE15
Under the guidance of
Mr. KARTHIK. S
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering

Department of Civil Engineering

GLOBAL ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY
Rajarajeshwari Nagar, Bangalore – 560 098
2019-2020
 Contents
1.Some Major Fire Accidents
2.Introduction
3.Objectives
4.Literature review
5.Problem identification
6.Methodology
7.Results and Discussions
8.Conclusions
9.Scope for future work
10. References
SOME MAJOR FIRE ACCIDENTS

TEXAS CITY, TEXAS (1947) CHICAGO (1871) TOKYO, JAPAN (1923)

SAN FRANCISCO (1906 ) WORLD TRADE HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA

CENTRE (2001) (1917)
 Introduction
• The fire remains one of a serious potential risks for most
buildings and facilities. The fire has been a source of
comfort and catastrophe for a human race since ancient
times.
• A survey conducted by a Building assessment team
indicated that fire problems were vital in twin towers
collapse.
• That’s the reason why there has been increasing interest in
research in an analysis of the heat transfer and in designing
of a reinforced concrete structures against fire.
 Objectives

The current project is done for G+40, G+50 and G+60 floors.
• To study an effect of the fire on stability of RC multi-storey
building subjected to increasing temperature for different storeys.
• To study the temperature distribution within the beam.
• An application of temperature to building from 100°C to 800°C
temperature for 2 hrs.
• Time- temperature curve for RC beam at elevated temperature.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Anil Agarwal et.al [2011] [1],
This paper presents on the fire behavior of steel buildings with composite floor systems. The
objective of this research is to identify weak links in the building performance in fire. The results
from the simulations identify gravity columns as the most critical elements from fire safety point
of view. Analysis results also emphasized the role of shear connections in building fire safety.
Shear connections can help develop significant negative moments at the beam ends, which can
help improve the flexural behavior of the floor system.
Aneesha Balaji, et.al (2013)[4],
In this paper the thermal replication of concrete beams modeled in ANSYS is in good acquiescent
with IS 456: 2000 was presented. The needed cover thickness for a specific fire resistance point
can be ascertained from design charts. Chart was represented in the work can be utilized to find
out the fire resistance of the reinforced concrete columns, beams and slabs. Finite element (FE)
approach in ANSYS software, for tracking a deportment of the reinforced concrete elements are
wide open to the fire is represented. Design charts for different structural elements have been
improved.
Hitesh Lakhani[2013][3],
This paper represents sequentially at the coupled thermal stress analysis was carried out
for utilizing finite element analysis of package ABAQUS. Two types of BC’s were utilized
to in simulating heat transfer from the circumventing air in to the structural member during
the fire. A numerical investigation is carried out for the different beams and columns under
different fire exposure designates a variation in the range of 6.5% - 11.0% for the
parameter Fire Resistance. During heating phase, there was a slight difference takes place
in temperatures predicted by using two boundary conditions but by during in a cooling
phase, there were the consequential difference: the convective and the radiation of
boundary condition are yielded for better results.

Mariyana A. A. K et.al [2015] [2],

This paper presents finite element modeling (FEM) of a reinforced concrete (RC)
frame subjected to elevated temperature. The finite element model using
ABAQUS software has been used to validate the increased in temperature
distribution on reinforced concrete frame exposed to fire.
Design a compartment fire and determination of emissivity value at different height
and composition of hot gases was calculated. From the results, the temperatures from
the heat transfer analyses are generally higher than that of corresponding
temperatures from the test data. This is due to the fact that hot gases properties in fire
test are higher as compared to the emissivity value calculated in the numerical
analysis.

Yakudima Akibu Ghali, et.al (2015) [5],

In this paper behavior of the RC beam and the RC column members are at increasing
temperatures are being scholar here analytically and experimentally widely are
presented. However, a hardly some other concentration is given in towards the
analyzing a behavior of the structures with SFRC, E.g. SFRC portal frame, columns
etc. wide open to the fire. Good accidence between the quantified experimental and
predicted FE simulation was obtained for the average of temperature in GFRP bars at
all the stages of a fire exposure. The fire tests and the FE simulation results are
showed that the concrete beams reinforced with a GFRP bars can be achieve the fire
endurance of about a 130 minutes. Thus, utilizing GFRP bars as the concrete
 Problem Identification

• Research work has been carried on the structural members such

as beam, column, slab and steel structures are subjected to the
fire. Comparative study of RC multi- storey building subjected
to the fire for different storeys have not been carried out. In this
present study a G+40, G+50 and G+60 RC buildings subjected
to increasing fire conditions is studied and response of its
structural member like beam and the column is studied.
The Models Used For Analysis For The Present Study Using ETABS Is As Follows

1. For 40 Story building -100°C, 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, 500°C,

600°C, 700°C, 800°C, 900°C and 1000°C temperature is applied.

2. For 50 Story building -100°C, 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, 500°C,

600°C, 700°C, 800°C, 900°C and 1000°C temperature is applied.

3. For 60 Story building -100°C, 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, 500°C,

600°C, 700°C, 800°C, 900°C and 1000°C temperature is applied.
All the above models consists 6 bays in both the X-direction and
the Y-direction. Each bay is of dimensions 5m*5m and the overall
plan dimension in X-direction and in Y- direction is 25m and the
floor to floor height of 3m is considered.
 METHODOLOGY

The Temperature Distribution

Along The Depth Of A Beam
Using The ABAQUS Software.
Input Data For ABAQUS
 Beam Models in ABAQUS

Temperature distribution
Reinforced a concrete beam Meshing of the RC beam of beam in y-direction

Temperature distribution Temperature distribution Deformation in beam

of beam in x-direction of beam in z-direction
 Temperature Distribution Along
The Depth Of Beam

Temperature Distribution along the Depth of beam

900

800 200

700
Temperature in °C

400
600
600
500
800
400

300

200

100

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Distance along the depth in mm

Plan & Elevation Of Building In ETABS
 Temperature V/S Displacement
1200
40 STOREY(at top)

1000 40 STOREY(at middle)

DISPLACEMENT (mm)

40 STOREY(at bottom)
800

60 STOREY(at top)

600
50 STOREY(at middle)

400
50 STOREY(at bottom)

200 50 STOREY(at top)

60 STOREY(at middle)
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
60 STOREY(at bottom)

TEMPERATURE(°c)
 Displacement of column & beam (at top, bottom & middle)
due to the elevated temperature
1200 Temperature V/S Displacament 600 Temperature V/S Displacament
DISPLACEMENT (mm)

DISPLACEMENT (mm)
1000 500
800 400
600 300
400 200
200 100
0 0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
0
TEMPERATURE (°c) TEMPERATURE (°c)
40 STOREY 50 STOREY 60 STOREY 40 STOREY 50 STOREY 60 STOREY

Joint Displacement of column (at top) Joint Displacement of column (at middle)
due to the elevated temperature due to the elevated temperature

18
Temperature V/S Displacament
DISPLACEMENT (mm)

16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
TEMPERATURE (°c)
40 STOREY 50 STOREY 60 STOREY

Joint Displacement of column (at bottom) Joint Displacement of beam (at top, middle &
due to the elevated temperature bottom) due to the elevated temperature
 STOREY DIPLACEMENT

Storey displacement Storey displacement

plot for EQX plot for EQY

Storey displacement Storey displacement Storey displacement

plot for RSX plot for RSY plot for Temperature
 STOREY DRIFT
STOREY NUMBER V/S STOREY DRIFT STOREY NUMBER V/S STOREY DRIFT
0.035 0.03

STOREY DRIFT(mm)
0.03 0.025
STOREY DRIFT (mm)

0.025 0.02
0.02
0.015
0.015
0.01
0.01
0.005 0.005
0 0
1 5 9 1 3 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41
MODEL1 MODEL2 MODEL3
MODEL1 MODEL2 MODEL3
Storey drift plot Storey drift plot
for EQX for EQY

Storey drift plot Storey drift plot

for RSX for RSY
 STOREY SHEAR

Storey shear Storey shear

plot for EQX plot for EQY

Storey shear plot Storey shear plot Storey shear plot

for Temperature for RSX for RSY
 BASE SHEAR
BASE SHEAR FOR EQX
25000

20000
BASE SHEAR (kN)

15000
BASE SHEAR
23387.2 FOR EQX
10000
17995.68

12355.37
5000

0
40 STOREY 50 STOREY 60 STOREY

25000 BASE SHEAR FOR EQY

20000
BASE SHEAR (kN)

BASE SHEAR
15000
FOR EQY
21476.89
10000
16799.02
11752.93
5000

0
40 STOREY 50 STOREY 60 STOREY
 Conclusions
• In ABAQUS software. Increase in the temperature distribution along the

depth of beam with an increase in the applied temperature, due to the

resistance offered by the concrete at a lower temperature.

• An increase in deflection of beams with increase in temperature, which could

be attributed to a stresses induced in a beam members by an increase in

temperature.

• When 2 hours of temperature is applied to surface of beam. When temperature

of 200°C and 400°C applied, concrete does not yield because yielding

temperature of concrete lies between 400°C to 900°C. So concrete is going to

fail after 800°C applied temperature.

•The columns on the extreme left and extreme right sides displaced in –ve and+ve

x-direction respectively, under the constant increase in temperature. This pattern

of displacement is observed as there were no lateral supports provided on the

deflecting side. The columns which are laterally supported by beams on the both

sides remain unaffected.

•40 story building seems to have less displacement when compared with 50 storey

and 60 storey building in cases EQX, EQY, RSX, RSY and Temperature.

•40 storey building as least storey drift and 50 storey and 60 storey building as

maximum storey drift. Hence storey drift is increases with the number of storeys

increases for the cases EQX, EQY, RSX and RSY.

•Storey shear is maximum at the ground level and is minimum at the top storey and 60

Storey has the higher storey shear when compared to 40 Storey for the load cases EQX,

EQY, RSX, RSY and Temperature.

•Base shear is less for 40 story building compared to the 50 storey and 60 story building.

Hence base shear increases with the increase in the storeys for EQX and the EQY.

•From the above graphs, it is observed that for all the models roof displacement of the

column is maximum as the number of story increases and the displacement of column

also increases. Hence maximum displacement is seen at 60 story and minimum at 40

story building, when elevated temperature is applied at the top, middle and bottom of the

storeys.

•From the above graphs, it is observed that for all the models, displacement of beam is

not increasing with storey height. As a number of storeys increses, the displacement of

beam will be constant.

 Scope of Further Study
• Stress distribution due to an effect of fire in structural elements can
be studied.
• Suitability of different types of joints in a steel structure under fire
effect can be studied.
• A present study limited to Joint displacements and temperature
distribution, additionally, P-Δ analysis can be studied.
• Instead of RC structures, steel structures can be implemented for the
analysis.
• Time history analysis can be carried for further study.
 References
• Anil Agarwal, “Stability Behavior of Steel Building Structures
in Fire Conditions”, [2011].
• Hitesh Lakhani, Praveen Kamath,“Simulation of Fire
Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Structural Members”,
[2013].
• Aneesha Balaji and Elson John, “Behaviour of concrete
structures under fire - a comparative study between IS 456:
2000 and finite element software ANSYS”, American Journal
of Engineering Research (AJER)[2013] Volume-3 pp-62-66.
• Mariyana A. A. K and A. S. M. Abdul Awal, “Finite Element
Modelling Of Compartment Fire Using ABAQUS”, [2015].
• Yakudima Akibu Ghali, Ruban Sugumar, Hassan Abba
Musa, “Impact Of Fire On Steel Reinforcement In
Reinforced Concrete Structures” (2015)
• Ruban Sugumar and Hassan Abba Musa, “Impact Of Fire
On Steel Reinforcement In Reinforced Concrete
Structures”, International Journal of Scientific and Research
Publications, Volume 5, Issue 10, October [2015].
• Bhavana B and Tejaswini K, “Analytical Study of
Reinforced Concrete Element Strengthened With
Polypropylene Fibers Subjected to Elevated Temperature”,
International Journal of Engineering Research And
Advanced Technology, Vol.3 (10) Oct [2017].