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SOCIAL SCIENCES: DEFINITION

‘Those mental or cultural sciences

which deal with the activities of the
individual as a member of a group’

(Seligman, R. A.)

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The study of human society and of individual
relationships in and to society.

(Answers.Com)

the social sciences focus on our life with

other people in groups.

(World Encyclopedia)

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‘Group of studies concerned with
humanity in relation to its cultural,
social and physical environment’

(Webster International
Encyclopedia)

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 Seligman divided social science into 3
groups:

 True social science

- political science
- economy, history,
- jurisprudent (ilmu hukum)
- anthropology
- penology (pengurusan penjara)
- sociology

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 Seligman divided social science into 3
groups:

 Half social science

- ethics
- education
- philosophy
- psychology

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 Seligman divided social science into 3
groups:

 Natural and agricultural science

- biology
- geography
- linguistics
- art

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World Book Encyclopedia:

Anthropoly, Economy, History,

Political Science, Sociology,
Criminology, Law, Education, Ethics
Etc.

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1. ANTHROPOLOGY

Is the study of the

relationship between
biological traits and socially
acquired characteristic.
Sometimes called the study of
humans, it consists of two
fields:

i. Physical anthropology
ii. Cultural anthropology

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SOME OF THE CONCERNS OF
PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY:-

- Influence of evolution of natural

environment on the physical
characteristics of humans.

- human evolution of how modern

homosapiens (human) evolved from
earlier species

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SOME OF THE CONCERNS OF CULTURAL
ANTHROPOLOGY:-

- Archeology or the remains of extinct

civilizations that left no written records.

- Organization of preliterate societies

- Characteristics of subgroups or
subcultures within contemporary

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SOME OF THE CONCERNS OF
CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY:-

Among the topics that interest

anthropologists are excavation of formerly
inhabited sites, fossils, the gene pool,
technology and artifacts, linguistics, etc.

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2. ECONOMICS

Is the study of the ways in which

men and women make living the
most pressing problem most human
being face.
It considers the social
organization through which people
satisfy their wants for share
goods and services. Its subject
matter is often summarized as:

- Production
- Distribution
- Consumption
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SOME OF THE TOPICS IT INCLUDES
ARE:

1. Supply and demand

2. Monetary and fiscal policy
3. Cost
4. Inflation
5. Unemployment

It seeks to explain, guide and predict social

arrangement by which we satisfy economics
wants.

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3. EDUCATION

Is the study on how human

acquired knowledge and skills
on the world and themselves.

It can be divided in two parts

i. formal education
ii. informal education
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4. GEOGRAPHY

Is the study of the natural

environment and how it
influences social and cultural
development.

Some of the concerns of

geography are:
- ecology
- climate
- resources
- accessibility
- demography
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Geography has practical applications
which
are manifest in:

- maps
- trade patterns
- industrial and agricultural
decisions
- settlement of population
- aggression and acquisition

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5. HISTORY

Is the study of past events. It is a

social science in the sense that it is
systematic attempt to learn about and
verify past event and to related them
to one another and to the present.
Every event has a historical context
within which we commonly say the
event must be studied. The subject
matter of history is everything that
has already happened.
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The Study History Involves:

- Identifying
- Classifying
- Arranging
- Pattern

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The Fruits Of The Study Of History
Are:

- Imposition of other
- appreciation of variety
- possibilities of predictions
- realization of limitation

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6. POLITICAL SCIENCE

Is the study of social

arrangements to maintain peace
and order within a given society.
It is deals with government.
It’s interest are:

- politics, law, administration

- theory of the nature and
function of the state
- international relation
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It has both a philosophical and practical
base. It examines the theory of systems
of government but it also studies actual
practices government:

- Taxes
- prohibit
- regulates
- protects
- provides services

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7. PSYCHOLOGY

Deals with the mind and

personality of the individual. It
is a social because humans are
social creature. It focuses on
the individual and physical
processes such as:

- biological structure
- development and
maturation
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Social psychology is the study of the
individual’s behaviour as it influenced by
the behaviour or others. Some specific
topics that interest psychologists and
social psychologist are:

- socialization
- environment and heredity
- adjustment and maladjustment

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THESE SOCIAL SCIENTISTS DEAL WITH
NATURAL PHENOMENA SUCH AS:

- Emotion
- memory
- perception
- intelligence.

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8. SOCIOLOGY

Is the systematic study

relationship among people.
Sociologist assume that
behaviour is influenced by
people’s social, political,
occupational and intellectual
grouping and by the particular
setting in which they find
themselves at one time or
another.
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THEIR THREE MAJOR CHOICES
ARE:

- Functionalism
- Conflict
- Interactionism

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Sociology’s As Subject Matter
Can Be Identified As People:

- Where they live?

- How they socialize and organize?
- Whom they include and exclude in their
group?
- What they do to their environment?
- When they confront formulas for control,
such as politics, law, finance, religion
and education?
- Why they change?

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