Causes of a

Change in
Population Size
Chapter 1: Population Dynamics
 • Natural population change is calculated by
subtracting the death rate from the birth
rate.
Calculating • Malta's birth rate in 2013 was 10.3 per 1000
population and its death rate was 8.8 per 1000.
• So its natural population change in 2013
change was:
10.3 - 8.8 = 1.5 per 1000 people
(in example 0.15%)
 • To calculate the overall population change, the net
migration must be considered.
• If more people per 1000 move into the country than move
out of it, this is added.
Calculating • If more moved out of the country then into it, this is
subtracted.
population • Malta's net migration in 2013 was 2.4 per 1000.

change • So its overall population change was:

10.3 - 8.8 + 2.4 equals 3.9 per 1000 people
(in example 0.39%).
• If the answer is positive the population is growing, if it is
negative, it is getting smaller.
 Population Change

Net
Birth rate Death rate Natural Overall
migration
Country (per 1000 (per 1000 Population Population
people) people) (per 1000 Change Change
people)

Belgium 10.0 10.7 +1.2

Greece 8.9 10.9 +2.3

India 20.2 7.3 -0.1

Morocco 18.7 4.8 -3.7

Poland 9.9 10.3 -0.5

 Population Change

Net
Birth rate Death rate Natural Overall
migration
Country (per 1000 (per 1000 Population Population
people) people) (per 1000 Change Change
people)

Belgium 10.0 10.7 +1.2 -0.7 0.5

Greece 8.9 10.9 +2.3 -2 0.3

India 20.2 7.3 -0.1 12.9 12.8

Morocco 18.7 4.8 -3.7 13.9 10.2

Poland 9.9 10.3 -0.5 -0.4 -0.9

The demographic
transition model
• the demographic transition model
is a model of the way that
population growth can be divided
into four stages as birth and death
rates change overtime.
• It is based on what has happened
in Europe and North America.
• The part of the graph representing
population growth is the area
between the lines, where birth rate
is higher than death rate.
Reasons for falling birth rates and death rates
Falling birthrates are caused by: falling death rates are caused by:
availability of contraception improvement in health care facilities
increase the availability of medicines and
more women go out to work doctors
girls are educated and married later more and better quality food available
reduction of infant mortality improvement in water supplies
more family planning education improvement in sanitation and hygiene

less need for children as a labor source reduction in wars and conflicts