Method of Consistent

Deformation
Structural Analysis
By
R. C. Hibbeler

Lecture-05
Example 2
Determine the moment at the fixed wall for the beam in
Fig. EI is constant.

A B
20 k . ft

10 ft

Actual Beam

2
Solution

A B
20 k . ft Actual Beam

10 ft

• The beam is first degree statically indeterminate

3
Principle of Superposition
• MA is taken as redundant
• The capacity of the beam to support a moment at A has
been removed
• Fixed support at A is substituted by a pin
• MA is assumed to act counterclockwise
A B
20 k . ft Actual Beam

10 ft

θA θ'AA=MAαAA
A B MA A B
20 k . ft +

Primary structure Redundant MA applied 4

Compatibility Equation
• Taking positive rotation as counterclockwise, we have

0   A  M A AA (1)

• θA and αAA can be determined using tables on inside front

cover of book, we have

ML 20 k . ft (10 ft ) 33.3 k . ft 2
A   
6 EI 6 EI EI

θA θ'AA=MAαAA
A B MA A B
20 k . ft +

Primary structure Redundant MA applied 5

Compatibility Equation
• Taking positive rotation as counterclockwise, we have

0   A  M A AA (1)

• θA and αAA can be determined using tables on inside front

cover of book, we have

ML 1(10 ft ) 3.33 ft
 AA   
3EI 3EI EI

θA θ'AA=MAαAA
A B MA A B
20 k . ft +

Primary structure Redundant MA applied 6

Compatibility Equation
Substituting these results into Eq.(1) yields

0   A  M A AA (1)

33.3  3.33 
0  M A 
EI  EI 

M A  10 k . ft ANS

θA θ'AA=MAαAA
A B MA A B
20 k . ft +

Primary structure Redundant MA applied 7

The negative sign indicates that MA acts opposite to that
shown in figure.

θA θ'AA=MAαAA
A B MA A B
20 k . ft +

Primary structure Redundant MA applied 8

When this reaction is placed on the beam, other
reactions can be determined.

A B
10 k . ft 20 k . ft

3k
3k

10 ft

9
The moment diagram is shown below
A B
10 k . ft 20 k . ft

3k
3k

10 ft

M (k.ft)

10
x (ft)

-20

10
Example 3
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam
shown in Fig. The support at B settles 1.5 in. Take E =
29(103) ksi, I = 750 in4.

20 k
1.5 in
A C

12 ft 12 ft 24 ft

Actual Beam
11
Solution
Principle of Superposition

20 k
1.5 in
A C
Actual Beam
B

12 ft 12 ft 24 ft

• The beam is first degree statically indeterminate.

• The centre support B is chosen as redundant, so that the
roller at B is removed.
12
• By is assumed to act downward on the beam.
20 k
1.5 in
A C
Actual Beam
B

=
20 k

B
A C Primary
ΔB Structure

+
By
B
A C Redundant By
applied
Δ’BB=ByfBB
13
Compatibility Equation
• With reference to point B, using units of ft, we require

1.5
  12
  B  B y f BB (1)

• Use conjugate beam method to compute ΔB and fBB since

the moment diagrams consists straight line segments.
• For ΔB 20 k

B
A C

20 k

A C
15 k 5k
14
12 ft 36 ft
Compatibility Equation
20 k

A C
15 k 5k
12 ft 36 ft

180
1080 EI 3240
EI EI

2520 8 ft 16 ft 24 ft 1800
EI EI

conjugate beam

15
 180
Compatibility Equation 1080 EI 3240
EI EI

  M B'  0
2520 8 ft 16 ft 24 ft 1800
EI EI

120
1440
EI
EI
MB’

VB’ 8 ft 16 ft
1440 1800
 M B'  8  24  0 1800
EI
EI EI

31680 31680
M B'    
EI EI 16
Compatibility Equation
1k
• For fBB
B
A C

1k

A C
0.5 k 0.5 k
24 ft 24 ft

288 12
EI EI

conjugate beam

144 144
24 ft 24 ft
EI EI 17
Compatibility Equation 288 12
EI EI
• For fBB conjugate beam

144 144
24 ft 24 ft
EI EI

  M B'  0 12
144
EI
EI
mB’
144 144
 mB '  8  24  0
EI EI vB’ 24 ft
144
8 ft
EI
2304 2304
mB '    
EI EI
18
Compatibility Equation
• Substituting these results into eq. (1), we have

1.5
  12
  B  B y f BB (1)

1.5 31680  2304 

  By  
12 EI  EI 

• Expressing the units of E and I in terms of k and ft, we

have
 1.5 
     
ft  29103 k in 2 12  in 2 ft 2 750in 4 ft 4 12  in 4
 12 
2 4

 31680  B y 2304  19
 B y  5.56k
Equilibrium Equations
• The negative sign indicates that By acts upward on the
beam.
20 k

A C

Ay By=5.56 k Cy
12 ft 12 ft 24 ft

20
Equilibrium Equations

  MA  0  2012  5.5624  C y 48  0

C y  2.22 k

   Fy  0 Ay  20  5.56  2.22  0
Ay  12.22 k

20 k

A C

Ay=12.22 k By=5.56 k Cy=2.22 k

12 ft 12 ft 24 ft
21
• Using these results, shear and moment diagrams are
20 k

A C

Ay=12.22 k By=5.56 k Cy=2.22 k

12 ft 12 ft 24 ft

V (k)

12.22

x (ft)
-2.22
-7.78
-20

22
• Using these results, shear and moment diagrams are
20 k

A C

Ay=12.22 k By=5.56 k Cy=2.22 k

12 ft 12 ft 24 ft

M (k.ft)
146.7
53.3

x (ft)

23
Example 4
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam
shown in Fig. EI is constant. Neglect the effect of axial
load.

2 k/ft

A B

10 ft 10 ft

Actual Beam

24
Solution
Principle of Superposition

2 k/ft

A B

10 ft 10 ft

Actual Beam

• Since axial load is neglected the beam is second degree

statically indeterminate.
25
Solution
Principle of Superposition
• The two end moments at A and B will be considered as
redundants.
• Beam’s capacity to resist these moments is removed by
placing a pin/hinge at A and rocker/roller at B.

2 k/ft

A B

10 ft 10 ft

Actual Beam
26
 2 k/ft
Solution
A B Actual Beam

10 ft 10 ft
=
2 k/ft

A B Primary
θA θB structure

+
MA
B Redundant MA
A applied
θ'AA=MAαAA θ‘BA=MAαBA
+
MB
Redundant MB
A B applied 27
θ'AB=MBαAB θ‘BB=MBαBB
Compatibility Equation

• Reference to point A and B, requires

  0   A  M A AA  M B AB (1)
  0   B  M A BA  M B BB (2)

• The required slopes and angular flexibility coefficients

can be determined using the table on the inside front
cover. We have

28
Compatibility Equation

3wL3 32 20 375

3
A   
128 EI 128 EI EI
7220  291.7
3
7 wL3
B   
384 EI 384 EI EI
ML 120  6.67
 AA   
3EI 3EI EI
ML 120  6.67
 BB   
3EI 3EI EI
ML 120  3.33
 AB   
6 EI 6 EI EI 29
Compatibility Equation
Substituting the data into Eqs. (1) and (2) yields

375  6.67   3.33 

0  M A   MB 
EI  EI   EI 
291.7  3.33   6.67 
0  M A   MB 
EI  EI   EI 
Cancelling EI and solving these equations simultaneously,
we have
M A  45.8 k . ft M B  20.8 k . ft

30
Compatibility Equation
Using these results, the end shears are calculated

16.25 k 2 k/ft 3.75 k

45.8 k.ft A B 20.8 k.ft

10 ft 10 ft

V (k)

16.25

x (ft)
8.125
-3.75

31
Compatibility Equation
Using these results, the end shears are calculated

16.25 k 2 k/ft 3.75 k

45.8 k.ft A B 20.8 k.ft

10 ft 10 ft

M (k.ft)

20.2

3.63 14.4 20
x (ft)
8.125

-20.8
45.8 32
Example 5
Determine the reactions at the supports for the beam
shown. EI is constant.

500 lb
120 lb/ft

A C
B

12 ft 5 ft 5 ft

Actual Beam

33
Solution
Principle of Superposition

500 lb
120 lb/ft

A C
B

12 ft 5 ft 5 ft

Actual Beam

• By inspection the beam is indeterminate to the first

degree.
34
Solution
Principle of Superposition
• We will choose the internal moment at support B as the
redundant.
• Beam is cut open and end pins or internal hinge are
placed at B to release only the capacity of beam to resist
moment at this point.

θ‘B θ‘’B
500 lb
120 lb/ft

A C
B

Actual Beam 35
Solution
Principle of Superposition 500 lb
120 lb/ft

A C Actual Beam
B
=
θ‘B θ‘’B
500 lb
120 lb/ft

Primary
A C
structure
B
+
MBα‘BB MBα’‘BB

Redundant
MB applied
MB MB 36
Solution
Compatibility Equations
• The relative rotation of one end of one beam with
respect to the end of other beam to be zero, that is
   B  M B BB  0

where  B   B'   B''

' ''
 BB   BB   BB

θ‘B θ‘BB
500 lb
120 lb/ft

A C Actual Beam
B 37
Solution
Compatibility Equations
• The slopes and angular flexibility coefficients can be
determined from the table on inside front cover, that is

θ B' 
wL 3

12012  3

8640 lb. ft 2

24 EI 24 EI EI

θ B'' 
PL 2

50010 2

3 125 lb . ft 2

16 EI 16 EI EI
' ML 112  4 ft
 BB   
3EI 3EI EI
'' ML 110 3.33 ft
 BB   
3EI 3EI EI 38
Solution '
B    ''
B B
Compatibility Equations ' ''
 BB     BB
BB
• Thus
 B  M B BB  0

8640 lb. ft 2 3125 lb. ft 2  4 ft 3.33 ft 

  MB  0
EI EI  EI EI 

M B  1604 lb. ft

• The negative sign indicates that MB acts in opposite

direction.

39
Solution
Compatibility Equations
500 lb
120 lb/ft
1604 lb.ft 1604 lb.ft

854 lb 854 lb 410 lb 410 lb

586 lb 1260 lb 89.6 lb

V (lb)

586 410

12 17 22
x (ft)
4.89 -89.6

40
-854
Solution
Compatibility Equations
500 lb
120 lb/ft
1604 lb.ft 1604 lb.ft

854 lb 854 lb 410 lb 410 lb

586 lb 1260 lb 89.6 lb

M (lb.ft)
1431
448
12 17 22
x (ft)
4.89

-1604 41
 Assignment:04
• Find the shear force and bending moment
diagram by changing the UDL force to 150lb/ft
and Point Load to 150 lb.

42