ANIMAL KINGDOM

PHYLUM
HEMICHORDATA
PRESENTED BY: SRUTHY THOMAS
CLASS: 11 D
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WHAT DOES THE TERM

HEMICHORDATA MEAN?
➜The term Hemichordata—
from the Greek word hemi,
meaning “half” thus, “half-
chordate”
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HEMICHORDATA
➜ Hemichordata was earlier considered
as a sub-phylum under phylum
Chordata
➜ But now it is placed as a separate
phylum under non–chordata.
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HEMICHORDATA
→ This phylum consist of small
group of worm-like marine
animals with organ system
level of organisation.
→ The Hemichordata consist of
three classes: Enteropneusta,
Pterobranchia, and
Planctosphaeroidea.
→ Eg: Acorn worms
{Enteropneusta}
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ACORN WORMS
STRUCTURE:
➜ They are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic
and coelomate animals.
➜ The body is cylindrical and is composed of an
anterior proboscis, a collar and a long trunk.
➜ They have a rudimentary structure in the collar
region called stomochord, a structure similar to
notochord.
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ACORN WORMS
➜ Circulatory system is of open
type.
➜ Respiration: Respiration takes
place through gills.
➜ Excretion: Excretory organ is
the proboscis gland.
➜ Reproduction: Sexes are
separate. Fertilization is
external. Development is
indirect.
➜ Eg: Balanoglossus &
Saccoglossus
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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

DORSAL & VENTRAL HEART SERIES OF TISSUES

BLOOD VESSELS
{Dorsal blood vessels
carry blood to front of
the body whereas
ventral vessels carry
blood to back of the
body}
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REPRODUCTION
Male &
Female REPRODUCTION: Adult
acorn → Sexes are separate. acorn
worm → Fertilization is external. worm
→ Development is indirect.
Release egg
& sperm in
E NT
water PM

DEVELOPMENT
O
E VL
D
E CT
DIR

Fertilization
of egg & Develops
sperm INDIRECT
into larvae
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SUMMARY
HEMICHORDATA
- Hemichordata is placed as a separate
phylum under non chordata due to
absence of notochord.
-Consists of worm like marine animals.
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SUMMARY-ACORN WORMS
ACORN WORMS
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