RELATIONS AND

FUNCTIONS
Topics:
 FUNCTIONS (domain, range, graph, vertical
line test)
 POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS (domain, range

from graph)
Relations
 A relation is a correspondence between two sets of
objects.

 Illustration: Correspondence
 To each book in a library there corresponds the

number of pages in the book.

 To each human being there corresponds a birth date.

 If the temperature of the air is recorded throughout

the day, then to each instant of time there

corresponds a temperature.
Relations
 A relation is a mapping, or pairing, of input
values with output values.

 The set of input values is called the domain.

 The set of output values is called the range.
Representations of Relations
A relation can be represented in the following
ways:
 Set of ordered pairs:

{(-2, 3), (-1, 4), (0, 5), (1, 6), (2, 7)}
{(4, -2), (1, -1), (0, 0), (1, 1), (4, 2)}
 Table

x 1 2 3 4 5
y 2 4 6 8 10
Representations of Relations
A relation can be represented in the following
ways:
 Graph
Representations of Relations
A relation can be represented in the following
ways:
 Mapping diagram
Representations of Relations
A relation can be represented in the following
ways:
 Equation
Relations

•What is the domain?

{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
What is the range?
{-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0}
Relations (Example)

Many real world context can be represented in terms

of a relation.

 People and their heights, i.e. the pairing of names

and heights.
 We can think of this relation as ordered pair:
 (height, name)
 Or
 (name, height)
Relations (Example continued)

Name Height

Joe 6 ft

Mike 5.75 ft

Rose 5 ft

Kiki 5 ft

Jim 6.5 ft
 Relations (Example continued)

(Height, Name) (Name, Height)

6 7

Jim
5 5.3
Kiki

Height
Rose 3 3.5 Series1

Mike
2 1.8

Joe
0 0
3.5 5.3 7 0 1 3 4 5 6

Height Joe Mike Rose Kiki Jim

• The graph on the left uses height as the independent quantity and name as the dependent
quantity.
• The graph on the right uses name as the independent quantity and height as the
dependent quantity.
• Both graphs are relations
Function

What is a function?
“a function is…a relation in which
every input is paired with exactly
one output”
Let X and Y be two non-empty sets.
A function from X into Y is a relation that associates
with each element of X exactly one element of Y.
Function
 Recall, the graph of (height, name):

(Height, Name)
6

Jim
5
Kiki

Rose 3

Mike
2

Joe
0
3.5 5.3 7

Height

Is this a relation? YES

Is this a function? NO
Identifying Functions
Determine whether each relation is a function or not.
1. {(2, 3), (3, 0), (5, 2), (4, 3)}
2. {(4, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (6, 6), (1, 9)}
3.
Identifying Functions
Determine whether each relation is a function or not.
4.

5.
Identifying Functions
Determine whether each relation is a function or not.
6. x2 – y = 4
7. x + y2 = 4
8. x + 2y = 5
9. x2 + y2 = 25
10. 25x2 + 16y2 = 400
 Vertical Line Test

•Vertical Line Test: a relation is a function if a

vertical line drawn through its graph, passes
through only one point.

AKA: “The Pencil Test”

Take a pencil and move it from left to right (–x to
x); if it crosses more than one point, it is not a
function
Vertical Line Test

Would this
graph be a
function?

YES
Vertical Line Test

Would this
graph be a
function?

NO
Vertical Line Test

Are these functions?

FUNCTION! FUNCTION! Not a Function!

Vertical Line Test

FUNCTION! Not a Function!

Not a Function FUNCTION!

Domain and Range (Given the graph)

What is the Domain? What is the

Range?
Domain and Range (Given the graph)

What is the Domain? What is the

Range?
Domain and Range (Given the graph)

What is the Domain? What is the

Range?
Domain and Range (Given the graph)

What is the Domain? What is the

Range?
Domain and Range (Given the graph)

What is the Domain? What is the

Range?

 
Domain and Range (Given the graph)

What is the Domain? What is the

Range?
 
Domain and Range (Given the graph)

What is the Domain? What is the

Range?
Domain and Range (Given the graph)

What is the Domain? What is the

Range?
Domain and Range (Given the graph)

What is the Domain? What is the

Range?
Seatwork
 Practice Exercises:
A. Determine whether the given relation is a function or
not.
1. {(6, 3), (7, 4), (7, 2), (0, 2)}
2. {(7, 1), (7, 3), (7, 4)}
3. 4.

5. x 4 1 0 1 4
y -2 -1 0 1 2
 Practice Exercises:
A. Determine whether the given relation is a function or
not. x 1 2 3 4 5
6. y 2 4 8 16 32

7. 10.
8.
9.
 Practice Exercises:
B. Determine domain and range.

1. 2.
 Practice Exercises:
B. Determine domain and range.

3. 4.