Engine Maintenance

Chapter 1
What Makes the Boat Go
 Objectives for the Student
1. Have a good grasp of the components of
the modern marine propulsion system

2. Have an understanding of the principles of

the modern marine engine, both two stroke
and four stroke

3. Have an understanding of the general

troubleshooting methodologies that can be
used and repair work that needs to be
done
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 The Marine Engine

 Needed for combustion:

 fuel
 air (oxygen)
 ignition source

3
 The Marine Engine

 A compressed fuel/air mixture is ignited

 Burning mixture increases in temperature and pressure

 Expansion of gas is converted to linear piston motion

 Crank converts linear motion to rotary motion

4
 The Marine Engine

 Intake
 fuel/air enters
the combustion
chamber

5
 The Marine Engine

 Compression
 mixture is
compressed
within the
cylinder

6
 The Marine Engine

 Power
 compressed
charge is ignited
to move the
piston downward

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 The Marine Engine

 Exhaust
 spent gases are
expelled

8
 The Diesel Engine

 Intake
 air enters the
combustion
chamber

9
 The Diesel Engine

 Compression
 air is
compressed to
high
temperature

10
 The Diesel Engine

 Power
 fuel is injected
and autoignites

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 The Diesel Engine

 Exhaust
 the spent
gases are
expelled

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 Displacement

 Cylinder Displacement
 The total volume of air that can be moved in one
engine cycle for one cylinder
 Bore
 Diameter of the cylinder
 Stroke
 Total piston travel from TDC
to BDC

13
 Displacement
 Volume of a Right Circular Cylinder
• V =  r2 h
• where r
• V = volume
•  = 3.1416
h
• r = radius (1/2
diameter) of cylinder
• h = height of the
cylinder (stroke)
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 Displacement

 Engine Displacement
 The total volume of one cylinder’s displacement,
times the number of cylinders
• Displacement = n V = n  r2 h
• where
• n = number of cylinders
•V = volume of one cylinder

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 Displacement

 Example: Chevrolet 350 V-8

 Bore = 4.00 inches
 Stroke = 3.48 inches
 Displacement = n V = n  r2 h
 Displacement = 8 x 3.1416 x (2.00 inches)2 x 3.48 inches
 Displacement = 350 inches3 or 350 cubic inches or 350 cubic inches
displacement or 350 CID

16
 Size Matters

 Engines of Greater Displacement Generally

Deliver More Horsepower
 More fuel/air consumed per stroke
 More heat released
 More power produced

17
 Engine Compression

 Compression Ratio
 The cylinder’s total volume at BDC, divided by volume
at TDC
• Compression Ratio = V / v
• where
• V = volume at BDC
• BDC = bottom dead center

• v = volume at TDC
• TDC = top dead center
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 Engine Compression

 Compression Ratio = V / v
 V = 17 cubic inches
 v = 2 cubic inches
 V / v = 17/2 = 8.5:1

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 Horsepower and Torque

 Horsepower
 measure of work per unit of time
 1 hp = 745 watts

 Torque
 measure of rotational force
 pounds-foot (lb-ft)
 Newton-meter (Nm)

20
 The Marine Drive System

 Three Basic Types of Marine Drives:

 Outboard
 Inboard
 Stern Drive, also known as Inboard/Outboard
or I/O drive

21
 The Marine Drive System
Outboard Systems

Power Head

Intermediate
Housing

Lower Unit
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The Marine Drive System
Inboard Systems

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The Marine Drive System
Stern Drive (I/O) Systems

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 Thrust Units
 Propeller
 2-4 blade (inboards)
 3-6 blades (outboards)
 Pitch
 measure of advance (one
rotation through a solid object)
 Diameter
 diameter of a circle that
describes the blade tips

25
 Thrust Units

 Water Jet
 Internal impeller
 Good for shallow water operation
 Directs thrust using steerable nozzle
and reverse gate

26
 General Troubleshooting
Methodology

 Check the Obvious

 Check the Easy
 Check Systematically
 Make No Erratic Adjustments

27
 Remember…

You should be able to identify

problems and explain them to a
mechanic

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