SCIENCE 8

QUARTER 4 WEEK 2

http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html
 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION LIVING THINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

Pre-Activity 1

DETAILS MATTER

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION LIVING THINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

1. Ilang star ang makikita sa Starbucks logo?

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION LIVING THINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

2. Ilan ang isda na makikita sa label ng 555 sardines?

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION LIVING THINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

3. Ano ang kulay ng letter “L” ng google?

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION LIVING THINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

4. Ano ang color ng inner circle ng ABS-CBN logo?

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION LIVING THINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

5. Ilan and ibon sa trust condom?

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION LIVING THINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

6. Ilang ang star sa flag ng China?

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION LIVING THINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

What must you possess in

order to answer these
questions correctly?

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 SHORT RECAP

Fertilization The union of the nucleus of the

sperm and egg cells
 Definition of Cell

A cell is the smallest unit that is

capable of performing life
functions.
 Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus

Plant Stem

Bacteria

Red Blood Cell

Nerve Cell
 Two Types of Cells

•Prokaryotic
•Eukaryotic
 Prokaryotic
• Do not have
structures
surrounded by
membranes
• Few internal
structures
• One-celled
organisms,
Bacteria

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
 Eukaryotic
• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
• Most living organisms
Plant Animal

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
 “Typical” Animal Cell

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
 “Typical” Plant Cell

http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
CELL REPRODUCTION and
DIVISION
 CELL REPRODUCTION
• Cell Division: process by which a cell divides to
form two new cells (daughter cells)
• Three types of cell division, or cell reproduction
– Prokaryotes (bacteria)
• Binary fission divides forming two new identical cells
– Eukaryotes
• Mitosis
– Cell or organism growth
– Replacement or repair of damaged cells
• Meiosis
– formation of sex cells, or gametes
2 TYPES OF CELL DIVISION

MITOSIS

MEIOSIS
 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION LIVING THINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

4.

Meiosis occurs only in

reproductive cells.

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION LIVING THINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION LIVING THINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

1. The cell cycle has three main stages. The

interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis.
2. In Interphase the cell grows in size performs
normal functions and copies its DNA. Interphase
is divided into 3 stages or phases the G1, S and
G2. As soon as the a cell divides, it enters the G1,
cell grows, performs normal functions and
prepares to copy its DNA. During S stage the cell
copies its DNA. The G2 stage is the period when
the cell prepares for the division of its nucleus.

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION LIVING THINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

3. In Mitosis the cell nucleus divides, and the

chromosomes separate into the two nuclei.
There are 4 stages of mitotic cell division
namely; (P-M-A-T)
PROPHASE,
METAPHASE,
ANAPHASE
TELOPHASE
Telophase is the final stage of mitosis.
During telophase, the chromosomes arrive at the
poles of the cell, near the end of mitosis
cytokinesis begins.

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION LIVING THINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

3.The result of cytokinesis is two daughter cells.

During Cytokinesis the cytoplasm of the cell divides,
forming two daughter cells.
4.At the end of the cell cycle, cell division is complete.
The original cell has become two Daughter cells.

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-Occurs at end of Mitosis
--division of the cytoplasm to form 2 new daughter
cells
--organelles are divided
-Daughter cells are genetically identical

Cells return to interphase

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION LIVING THINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

Prophase

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Metaphase

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Anaphase

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Telophase

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION LIVING THINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

Mitosis division is for growth and

repair of body tissues while Meiosis
is for production of gametes or
reproductive cells.

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 CANCER CELLS
• Result of uncontrolled cell division of
cells that have lost ability to regulate cell
cycle
• Reproduce more rapidly than normal
cells
• Masses formed
• called ‘tumors’
 Genetics Terminology
SEXually reproducing eukaryotes have two types of body cells…
Made
you
look!

1. somatic cells

2. sex cells
(a.k.a. gametes, germline)

Image: Superficial human anatomy, Mikael Hä ggströ m& Rainer

Zenz; Sperm & egg, Wikipedia From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
 Karyotype
• Q: How many homologous
pairs are in each
karyotype?

• Q: How is the bottom

karyotype different from
the top two?

From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Image: Karyotype, National Human Genome Research Institute
 Sexual Reproduction

• Fusion of two gametes to

produce a single zygote.

• Introduces greater genetic

variation, allows genetic
recombination.

• Zygote has gametes from

two different parents
(except in cases of self-
fertilizing organisms).

Rose + Greg = Steven

Images: Rose, Greg, and Steven, Steven Universe From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION LIVING THINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

“Just like cell division, life is also made up of stages,

make every stage productive, rich and significant”.

ASGatpo, 2018

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