Origin Of the

Universe
Prepared By: Mr. Jovic Docot
Earth Science- 11 Teacher
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 Specific Learning outcomes

⚫Describe the different hypotheses

explaining the origin of the solar system.

⚫Compare the different hypotheses

explaining the origin of the solar system.

⚫Describe the characteristics of Earth

that are necessary to support life.
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 Specific Learning outcomes
⚫Explain that Earth consists of four subsystems across
whose boundaries matter and energy flow.

⚫Create a model of the solar system showing the

uniqueness of Earth being the only planet in the solar
system with properties necessary to support life
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 Formation of the universe
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 Big bang theory
According to the big bang theory,
the universe was once very
small and very hot, and then it
expanded over time until it
reached its peak (which may
be perceived as a massive
explosion for some) around 13.7
billion years ago—considered
the age of the universe.
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 The big bang theory remains to be the top
prevailing cosmological model for the
early development of the universe.

Why?

It provides the best explanation and is

implicitly accepted.
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 Georges Lemaître, (born July
17, 1894, Charleroi, Belgium
—died June 20, 1966,
Leuven), Belgian astronomer
and cosmologist who
formulated the modern big-
bang theory, which holds
that the universe began in a
cataclysmic explosion of a
small, primeval “super-atom.”
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George Lamaitre 1920

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 The origin of the Big Bang
theory can be credited to
Edwin Hubble. Hubble
made the observation
that the universe is
continuously expanding.
He discovered that a
galaxys velocity is
proportional to its distance.
Galaxies that are twice as
far from us move twice as
Edwin Hubble
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fast.
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 In the recent past, astronomers
have based their new
findings on the beginnings of
the universe through cosmic
microwave background
(CMB) .

CMB- is a thermal radiation used in observational

cosmology because it is considered the oldest
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light in the universe.

 CMB can be detected as a glow which is
believed to be a remnant from an early
stage of the development of the
universe.

Because of this belief, the big bang

theory gained the most support from
the scientific community among the
various theories on the origin of the
universe.
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 The big bang model also asserts that seconds after the
explosion, the surroundings were at a high temperature of
about 10 billion degrees Fahrenheit (5.5 billion Celsius) with
aggregates of fundamental particles such as neutrons,
electrons, and protons.

As the universe cooled in later phases, these particles either

combined with each other or decayed.
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 Over time, those particles created neutral
atoms which allowed light to shine
through.

This light is the CMB, also referred to as

“afterglow” of the big bang.

This is now the reference point for studying

previous and later events in the
formation of the universe.
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 The CMB was believed to have been released 380 000
years after the big bang.

The clumping of particles, later on, formed the stars and

the galaxies that we have at present.
The CMB is also used to study the composition and age of
the universe.
The universe was also said to continue to expand over the
next 13 billion years until present.
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 B. Cosmic
inflation
The most recent cosmic inflation theory was
proposed by physicists Alan Guth (1947-
present) and Andrei Linde (1948-present)

theory
in the 1980s.
The term inflation refers to the rapid
expansion of space-time.
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 According to this theory, the early universe was a
rapidly expanding bubble of pure vacuum energy. It
did not have any matter or energy.

After the expansion and cooling arising from this

inflation, the potential energy converted into kinetic
energy of matter and radiation. Then, a big bang
occurred because of the extremely hot, dense condition
of matter.
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 The cosmic inflation theory answered many
“puzzling” observations that arose in the big
bang theory.

One puzzling observation is the homogeneity of

objects in space. During the expansion period,
objects that used to be in contact got farther away
from one another. Their composition, however,
remained almost intact.
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 The second puzzling observation about the universe is
its appearance of flatness or smoothness. The
continuous expansion “dilutes” or gradually loses the
curvature of objects.

The third puzzling observation has something to do

with the formation of stars and star systems in the
later years. It asserts that during expansion, small
density fluctuations happen.
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 This causes gravity to attract gas into masses,
giving birth to stars and eventually galaxies.
This also explains why the universe would
always look full of planetary objects instead of
appearing completely empty.
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 Individual Activity
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 Reflect Upon : Write your answer in a 1 whole sheet
of paper.

How will the continuous expansion

of the universe affect Earth? If you were
an astrophysicist, what else can you
investigate about the universe?
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Quiz Time
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 Direction: In 2 to 3 sentences answer the
following:
1. Describe the Big Bang theory.
2. Describe the Cosmic Inflation Theory.
3. Differentiate the Big Bang Theory from
the Cosmic Inflation Theory.
4. How did the CMB help strengthen
the Big Bang Theory?
5. Why does the big bang theory remain to
be the top prevailing cosmological model
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for the early development of the universe?

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K YOU!
THAN
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