INTROD U C T IO N T O

S O P H Y O F T HE H U M AN
PHILO
PERSON
QUARTER 1: W EE K 2
ER: JOEGIE M AE C. C A BAL LES
TEACH
ACTIVITY 1: (HOME BASED)
Instruction: Analyze the statement and write O if it states opinion and write T if it is
true.
1. It takes 30 minutes to walk from my home to school
2. Living near the school is better because we don’t have to spend much for
transportation.
3. My sister ate the last piece of pizza and did not share it with me.
4. My sister is a selfish person because she ate the last piece of pizza and did not share
it with me.
5. The policemen firmly pushed the suspect to his knees and placed him in handcuffs.
6. The aggressive manner by which the policeman arrested the suspect is an example of
brutality that characterizes our police force.
 OPINION VS. TRUTH
Difference between opinion and truth
What is opinion?
- Is a belief, impression or judgment about something by not necessarily based on
fact.
- It prevails personal view of a person.
What is truth?
- It is something that has been proven by facts or sincerity.
- In science, truth is based on facts-as something that is observable
- In philosophy, truth is considered as a kind of quality and value.
 WAYS ON DETERMINING TRUTH
1. A belief is true if it can be justified or proven
using one’s senses.
2. A belief or statement is true if it is based on
facts.
3. Getting a consensus or having people agree on a
common belief
4. Statements can also be true through actions.
 DISTINGUISHING TRUTH FROM
OPINION
Truth Opinion
1. The minimum fare for 1. Fare is increasing
motorela from Balbagon, because the driver wants
Mambajao to to have a high income.
Poblacion,Mambajao
public market is
9.00Php.
 DISTINGUISHING TRUTH FROM
OPINION
Truth Opinion
2. Frederick 2. Frederick Navarro arrived in
Cagayan de Oro in the
Navarro arrived in afternoon, he is supposed to
Cagayan de Oro at arrive in Cagayan de Oro in
the morning
01:05pm. but because he feel lazy to
wake up early and feel bored
to travel alone.
 CHECK ME!
Which of the following statement are obviously true? Which of
the statements arerequired more thoughts to determine their
truthfulness? Mark Check (/) if it is opinion or truth.
Statements Opinion Truth

1. 1 liter of water weighs 1 kilogram.    

2. Purple is the best color    

3. People use their legs to walk.    

4. Alice likes book.    

5. Mt. Apo is the highest mountain the    

Philippines
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FALLACY AND
BIAS
Types of arguments
1. Fallacy or fake argument (maling pangangatuwiran)– are
group of statements that appear to be arguments to support
the conclusion.
2. Bias – refers tendencies or influences which affect the views
of the people. When looking at an opinion you must be aware
of bias so that you can objectively and critically examined
points of view.
 TYPES OF FALLACY
Fallacy Characteristics Example

Argumentum (Argument “Do not listen to

Ad against the his opinion
hominem Person) he is fool.”
Attacking the
person
presenting the
argument
instead of the
argument itself.
 TYPES OF FALLACY
Fallacy Characteristics Example
Argumentum (Appeal to “If this peace
ad Force) Using agreement will
Baculum the not be signed
Appeal threat of force by the
to force or an government,
undesirable then we will
event to have no
advance an recourse but
argument. go to war.”
 TYPES OF FALLACY
Fallacy Characteristics Example
Argumentum ad (Appeal to “Please, let me
Misericordiam. Emotion) It is by in. I was just
using emotions late because I
such as pity or must
sympathy, one attend to my son
might be able to who is
convince the sick.
person.
 TYPES OF FALLACY
Fallacy Characteristics Example

Argumentum Appeal to “Every boy

ad Popular or your age
Populum. Bandwagon) already has a
The idea is girlfriend, you
presented as should go find
acceptable one!”
because a lot
of people
accept it
 TYPES OF BIAS
Bias Characteristics Example

Correspondence You judge a “These rebels who

bias or person’s fought
attribute effect personality based against the
on the government
actions, and never are all
mind inconsiderate
the extrinsic murderers!”
(panlabas
na dahilan) factor.
 TYPES OF BIAS
Bias Characteristics Example

Confirmation Tendency to look “How can I

bias for a accept his view
readily accept that there is no
information God? I am
which fits one’s a Christian!”
own beliefs or
views that go
against it
 TYPES OF BIAS
Bias Characteristics Example

Framing Do not only “In motorcycle

settled in one accident
issue of the yesterday, it is
problem and altogether a
then you do not fault of the driver
mind the other for reckless
aspects. Judging driving.”
an incidence
without looking
at the other side.
 TYPES OF BIAS
Bias Characteristics Example

Hindsight The phenomena “Let us take an

which example
occur has a on the Magellan’s
pattern and assault
can be predicted, on Mactan, his
such is defeat was
usually based in just due to his
historical looking
evidence. Filipinos as
people of no
knowledge.”
 FORMATIVE TEST
Direction: Identify the following statements. Write
T if the statement is true, write O if the statement
is opinion.
 
_____1. The spelling of chair is c-h-a-i-r.
_____2. Every person must visit Boracay.
_____3. The reigning president in the Philippines in
year 2019 is President Rodrigo
R. Duterte.
_____4. Jackie is more beautiful than Jade.
 FORMATIVE TEST
_____5. Snakes and crocodiles are examples of
reptiles.
_____6. The biggest planet in the solar system is
Jupiter.
_____7. Money is the most important thing in the
world.
_____8. Camiguin Island is part of the region 10
_____9. Cats are the best pets among all animals.
_____10. Camiguin Island is the most beautiful
island in the Philippines.
ACTIVITY 3. I IMAGINE!
Imagine that you are a part of the conversation below, how will
you react to the statements given?
Friend 1: Hey have heard about miguel? He was with algen
last night, do they boy/girlfriend.
Friend 2: I just saw him last week he was with jackilyn and i
just asked miguel if jackilyn is His girlfriend. And then he
replied “yes”.
Friend 3: I am a friend of algen, and i know who her boyfriend
is.
You:_________________________________________________________
 Y O U !
HA N K
T