UNIT 3:

MODELING OF SYSTEM WITH KNOWN STRUCTURE

CONTENTS

Modeling of System with Known Structure:

 Deterministic model: distributed parameter models in terms of partial identification and their solutions

 lumped parameter models in terms of differential and difference equations

 state space model

 transfer functions block diagram and sub systems

 stability of transfer functions

 modeling for control

MODELS

 A model is a precise representation of a system’s dynamics used to answer questions via analysis and simulation.

 The model we choose depends on the questions that we wish to answer, and so there may be multiple models for a single
physical system, with different levels of fidelity depending on the phenomena of interest.
 It is a mathematical representation of a physical, biological or information system.

 Models allow us to reason about a system and make predictions about who a system will behave.

 Our context of learning: Models describing the input/output behavior of systems and in so-called “state space” form
 SYSTEM MODELING

 System modeling is the process of developing abstract models of a system,

with each model presenting a different view or perspective of that system.

 System modeling means representing a system using some kind of graphical

notation

 System modeling helps the analyst

 to understand the functionality of the system and

 models are used to communicate with customers.

Chapter 5 System modeling 4

A DYNAMIC SYSTEM

 System in which the effects of actions do not occur immediately.

 Example

 the velocity of a car does not change immediately when the gas pedal is pushed

 the temperature in a room rise instantaneously when an air conditioner is switched on

 A headache does not vanish right after an aspirin is taken, requiring time to take effect.

 In all these ex, the behavior of the system evolves with time.
DETERMINISTIC MODEL 

 A Deterministic Model allows to calculate a future event exactly, without the involvement of

randomness.

 If something is deterministic, we have all of the data necessary to predict (determine) the outcome with
certainty.
CLASSIFICATION OF MATHEMATIC MODELING
DISTRIBUTED PARAMETER SYSTEMS

 Distributed parameter systems are modeled by

 sets of partial differential equations,
 boundary conditions and
 initial conditions, which describe the evolution of the state variables in several
independent coordinates, e.g. space and time.

 Most distributed parameter models are derived from first-principles, i.e.

conservation of mass, energy and momentum
CONSERVATION LAWS:

 Conservation of Energy: the total energy of the system is constant. 

 Conservation of Momentum: In an isolated system the total momentum of two or more bodies acting upon
each other remains constant unless an external force is applied. Therefore, momentum can neither be created
nor destroyed.