Week 5

RIZAL’S SECRET
MISSION AND
LIFE ABROAD
Lesson 4
A.Y. 2021-2022, First Semester
Ms. Reallyn B. Villanueva
RIZAL’S FIRST TRIP ABROAD
 In 18 8 2, a f t e r f in ish in g h is f o u rt h y e a r a t t h e Un iv e rsit y o f Sa n t o
Tomas, Rizal left Philippines for Spain to continue his
s t u d i e s there.

MAIN REASONS FOR HIS DECISION TO TRAVEL ABROAD

1. Preparation for specializing in ophthalmology.
2. To o b s e r v e life abroad particularly the laws and
government structure of foreign countries
3. T o write a book/articles/essays displaying Filipino
nationalism.
DECISION TO GO ABROAD
 May 03, 1882 – Rizal departed on board
the Spanish steamer, Salvadora bound for
Singapore. He used the named Jose
Mercado in his passport which was
procured for him by his Uncle Antonio
Rivera, father of his lover, Leonor Rivera.

 Rizal bring with him when he left

Philippines for Europe - Ᵽ700.00 gave by
Paciano and diamond ring from Saturnina
On h is f irst v isit t o a f o re ig n c o u n t ry , h e w it n e sse d h o w
p e o p l e in S i n g a p o r e d i s p l a y e d a c a r e f r e e a t t i t u d e in
w h a t e v e r th e y did. This w a s b e c a u s e their r i g h ts as
c it ize n s w e re re sp e c t e d a n d t h e ir a u t h o rit ie s w e re
n o t a bu s i ve .
 In Si ng ap o r e, R i z al tr an s fer r e d to a no th er s h ip
D j em na h, a Fr e nc h s t ea me r w h ic h l e ft Si n ga po r e fo r
E u r op e. He al s o tr av e ll ed to C e y lo n (n o w Sr i L a nk a ) ,
N ap l es ( c ity fr o m Ita ly ) a nd Ma r s e il le s ( Fr an c e ’s
l a rg e st c i ty ) b ef or e fin a ll y ar ri v i ng i n B ar c el on a, Spa in .
LIFE IN BARCELONA
June 16, 1882- Rizal finally reached his destination—Barcelona
 He wrote his first article abroad
depicting nationalistic ideals
towards love for one’s country
entitled El Amor Patrio ( Love of
Country). It was published in two
t e x t s – S p a n i s h a n d Ta g a l o g - t h e
Spanish text was the originally
written by D r. Rizal and the
tagalog text was a Ta g a l o g
translation by Marcelo H. Del Pilar
that was published in the Diariong
Ta g a l o g , first Manila Bilingual
N e w s p a p e r.
 While in Barcelona, Rizal
received a sad news about the
cholera that was ravaging Manila
and the province in the Philippine
Archipelago. Following the advice
of Paciano, Rizal moved to Madrid
to finish his medicine course.
LIFE IN MADRID
 November 3, 1882- Rizal enrolled in the Universidad Central de Madrid
(Central University of Madrid) in two courses—Medicine and Philosophy
and Letters
 Rizal spent his leisure time reading and writing at his boarding house,
attending the reunions of Filipino students at the house of the Paterno
brothers and practicing fencing and shooting at the Hall of Arms in Sanz
y Carbonell.
 He also studied painting and sculpture in the Academy of Fine Arts in
San Fernando.
 He soon joined the group, Circulo Hispano Filipino led by Juan
Atayde.
 Rizal's life abroad w a s p r i m a r i l y f u n d e d b y Paciano,
w h o r e g u l a rl y sent h i m m o n e y for his upkeep. When
the a g r a r i a n crisis in C a la m b a took p la c e , Riza l's
a llo w a n c e w a s d e la y e d a n d he ha d to p a wn the
d ia m o n d rin g h is sist e r Sa t u rn in a g a ve h im b e f o r e
he left for Spain.
 He even h a d to c u t his living costs, w h i c h m e a n t
s k i p p i n g m e a ls a n d e a t in g t u y o( d rie d f ish ) . Riza l a lso
h a d p ro b le m s in p a y i n g rent w h i c h f o r c e d him
to m o v e f r o m o n e p l a c e to a n o th e r.
 June 1884
Rizal finished his medical
education. He was conferred the
degree of Licentiate in Medicine. June 1885
The next year, he passed all his Rizal was awarded the degree of
subjects leading to Doctor of Licentiate in Philosophy and
Medicine but unfortunately he did Letters by Universidad Central de
not earned his title as Doctor Madrid with the rating of excellent
because he was not able to submit
his thesis for graduation and pay
for the corresponding fees.
In h is c o lle c t io n o f b o o ks, Riza l h a d
t w o f a v o r i t e s - Uncle Tom's C a b i n
(1852)

by

Harriet

Beecher

Stowe
a nd

Th e
LIFE IN PARIS
November 1885, Rizal was living in Paris where he sojourned
for about four months.
 Dr. Louis de Weckert - leading French ophthalmologist wherein Rizal worked
as an assistant from November 1885 to February 1886.
 While not working at Dr. Weckert’s clinic, Rizal visited his friends, such as
the family of Pardo de Taveras
 He also regularly convened with his Filipino friends from the Los Indios
Bravos that included renowned painters Juan Luna and Felix Resureccion
Hidalgo
LIFE IN GERMANY
February 1, 1886 - Rizal Left Paris for Germany.
HEIDELBERG
 February 3, 1886 - Rizal arrived in Heidelberg, a historic city in Germany
famous for its old university and romantic surroundings
 April 22, 1886- Rizal wrote a fine poem “A Las Flores de Heidelberg” (To the
Flowers of Heidelberg)
 Wilhelmsfeld
Dr. Karl Ullmer - a kind Protestant pastor where Rizal stayed, who became his
good friend and admirer.
 He practiced medicine in the University of Eye Hospital in Heidelberg under
the supervision of Dr. Otto Becker.
LEIPZIG

 August 9, 1886 - Rizal left Heidelberg

 August 14, 1886 - boarded by a train. Rizal arrived in Leipzig.
 He attended lectures at the University of Leipzig on History and Psychology
BERLIN
 Dr. Ernest Schweigger (1830-1905) - famous German ophthalmologist where
Rizal worked.
 Rizal became a member of the Anthropological Society, the Ethnological
Society, and the Geographical Society of Berlin.
 Rizal met for the first time Dr. Feodor Jagor, celebrated German scientist-
traveler and author of Travels in the Philippines, a book which Rizal read and
admired during his student days in Manila.
 Noli Me Tangere published in Berlin.
The b i g g e s t c o n t r i b u t o r to Rizal's
v e n t u r e in w rit in g w a s Dr. M a x i m o
Vio la .He f in a n c e d t h e p u b lic a t io n
o f Riza l's f irst b o o k, No li Me
Ta n g e re , in 1887 with 2,000 initial
copies.
C o p i e s were g i v en to Viola a n d t o
Riza l's f rie n d s in Sp a in , w h ile o t h e rs
w e re sh ip p e d t o t h e Ph ilip p in e s
tha t then reached the
hands of the
Go v e rn o r Ge n e ra l o f t h e
A f ter the p u b l i c a t i o n of N oli M e
Tangere, V iola a c c o m p a n i e d
R i z al to A ustria to f inally
meet D r . F erdinand B
l u m e n t r i t t , w i t h w h o m R i z a l ex
changed letters
a nd b oo k s fo r severa l yea rs
a n d w h o m he c o n s i d e r e d as
one of
h is a d visers.
 After 5 years of memorable adventure in Europe, he returned to the
Philippines in August 1887.

 Although his life is threatened because his Noli Me Tangere caused uproar
especially among the friars, he insists on returning home. He has his reasons
of coming home:
1. He wants to operate his mother’s eyes
2. To inquire why Leonor Rivera remained silent
3. He wants to know how his novel affected the life of the Filipino and
Spaniards.
4. To serve his people who had long been oppressed by the Spanish Tyrants
FEARS OF RIZAL’S FAMILY

1. Paciano did not leave him during the first days of his after arrival to protect
him from enemy assault
2. His father would not let go him out alone: less something might happen to
him.
FULFILLING HIS REASONS OF
GOING HOME

 He established a medical clinic. His first

SILENCE OF LEONOR RIVERA
patient was his mother  It was a failure to see Leonor Rivera.
 Within few months, he was able to  REASON: Leonor Rivera’s parents did not

earned 900 as a physician. After a year, he like him to be their son-in-law.

earned a total of 5000 as medical fee
 Being called as Dr. Uliman because he
came from Germany
 Reasonable medical fees, even gratis to
the
 During Rizal’s time, marriage must be
arranged by the parents of both the groom
and bride.
poor
 MISFORTUNE RIZAL’S FACE AFTER
RETURNING HOME
1
 Rizal received a letter from Governor General Emilio Terrero requesting him to come to
Malacañan Palace because of the alleged subversive ideas of the Noli Me Tangere.
 He explained that it was merely an exposition of truth, but he did not advocate rebellious
ideas.
 The governor general knew that Rizal’s life was in jeopardy because the friars were powerful.
 He then assigned a young Spanish lieutenant named Jose Taviel de Andrade as the
bodyguard of Rizal.
2
 The faculty committee from University of Sto. Tomas came up with
a report that Noli was “heretical, impious, and scandalous in the
religious orders and anti-patriotic, subversive of public order,
injurious to the government of Spain and its function in the
Philippine Islands in the political order.
3
 BANNING OF THE NOLI
o The importation, reproduction and circulation of the Noli be
absolutely prohibited
o But: The banning of the Noli served to make it popular - made
Filipinos to ask for reform against the Spanish regime .
4
 CALAMBA AGRARIAN TROUBLE
o Gov. Terrero influenced by the facts brought about by the Noli
ordered government investigation of the friars estates.
o GOAL: To remedy whatever inequities might have been present
in connection to land taxes and tenant relations.
o AFFECTED: Calamba Hacienda owned by the Dominican friars.
 RESULTS
 Anonymous threats against his life were received by his parents
 The friars exerted pressure on Malacañang to eliminate him
 His presence in Calamba was jeopardizing the safety and happiness of his
family, friend and his hometown
 As a result, he decided to leave Calamba for the second time and go back to
Europe in such way that he could fight better his enemies and serve his
country by writing in foreign countries.
RIZAL’S SECOND TRIP
ABROAD
In 18 8 7, Rizal returned briefly in the Philippines, but because of the furor
surrounding of the appearance of Noli Me Tangere, he was advised by the
governor to leave. He returned to Europe by way of Japan, North America and
London.

RICKSHAW
 Rizal lived in London from May 1888 to March 1889. He chose this English
city because of three reasons:
1. To improve his knowledge of the English language;
2. To study and annotate Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
3. London was a safe place from the attacks of Spanish tyranny.
Section 3

THE PROPAGANDA
AND LA
SOLIDARIDAD
 Ga lic a n o
It w a s in 18 8 5t h a t
Ap a c ib le , Riza l's
Riza l b e c a m e m o re
c o u sin , issu e d a
a c t iv e in
n e w sp a p e r o f the
c o n t r i b u t i n g to v a ri ou s
to sa m e

v a rio u s n e w s p a p e r s . In 1888, n a m e . It w a s p u b lish e d in

Rizal join ed a n o r g a n i z a t i o n Ba
n e w sp a p rc
e r ewlohnile
a Riza
. J a lew
n a sa nadn

c o m p o se d o f Filip in o lib e ra ls la t e r o n , d e l Pila r ee daitnedd

a c t iv

exiled in Spain, the La t hnet

sig n if ic a

S olida ridad . The o r g a n i z a t i o n c o n t rib u t o r. It se rv e d as

a im e d t ora ise t h e a w a re n e ss t h e p rin c ip a l o rg a n of the

re f o rm
of Spain on the n e e d s of its
Most of th e a r t i c l e s
f e a t u r e d in La S o l i d a r i d a d
t a lke d a b o u t t h e p o ssib ilit y
of th e Philippines
b e c o m in g a p ro v in c e
o f Spain wi th equal
rights. b e f o r e
the law, a n d
re c o g n it io n o f t h e f re e d o m
of s p e e c h a n d a s s e m b l y.

One of Rizal's m o s t i m p o r t a n t
c o n t rib u t io n s w a s t h e Le t t e r t o t h e
Young W o m e n of Malolos
p u b lish e d o n Fe b ru a ry 22, 18 8 9 .
It r e c o g n i z e d t he e ff o r t s
and
b r a v e r y of 20 w o m e n
f ro m Ma lo lo s w h o w ro t e a
p e t it io n le t t e r t o Go v e rn o r
General Va l e r i a n o Weyler to
a llo w t h e m t o p u t u p a n ig h t
s c h o o l wh ere they c o u l d s t u d y
t h e Sp a n ish la n g u a g e u n d e r t h e
t u t e l a g e of Te odo ro Sandiko.
Though the p e t i t i o n w a s initially
d e n ie d b e c a u se o f t h e p re ssu re s
a n d i n fl u e n c e of the friars, the
p e rse v e ra n c e o f t h e w o m e n
o f Malolos preva i l e d.
 to the accusations o f t he
Jose Rizal also m a d e a
Sp a n ia rd s tha t the
f e a rle ss f o re c a st o n t h e f u t u re
Filip in o s w e r e i ndol ent . Rizal
o f the Philippines within a
argued that
h u n d r e d years in his work,
s ev e ra l f a c t o r s c a n b e i d e n t i f i e d
The Philippines a C e n t u r y
f o r su c h a n d m o st c a n b e
Hence. It analyzes the vari ou s
ro
Soptaendi a rind s d i rt eh cet e da b
t ou st hees
causes of the m iseri es
Filip incoos.mJmo ise
t e dRiza l's
b yo u t st
t haen d in g
s u ff e r e d b y the Filipino p e o p l e
t a le n t a n d p a ssio n f o r w rit in g , a s
u n d e r t h e Sp a n ish c o lo n ize rs. In
e v i d e n c e d b y his n u m e r o u s
c o n n e c t i o n to this, Rizal w r o t e
works, g r e a t l y a n t a g o n i z e d t h e
a n o t h e r e ssa y p u b lish e d in
f ria rs who w e re t h e u su a l
La S o l i d a r i d a d in Madrid
t a rg e t
in 1890 e n t i t l e d The
After J a e n a q u i t w r i t i n g for t h e
gr ou p, del Pilar a s s u m e d l e a d e r s h i p .
There were stories that Rizal w a s
o ff e r e d the position of editor but
rejected it as he t h o u g h t it m i g h t
c r e a t e a rift b e t w e e n t h e t w o
propagandistas. As to Rizal, members
m u s t p o s s e s s h i g h s t a n d a r d s o f m o r a l i t y,
d i g n i t y a n d s p i r i t o f s a c r i f i c e . Soon, Rizal
s t o p p e d w r i t i n g for t h e n e w s p a p e r t o
dedicate his time in addressing the
Calamba agrarian dispute that was
further fueled by the eviction of the
Mercado family from the Dominican
lands .
 In March 1891, Rizal finished writing his second novel, El Filibusterismo in
France. He planned to publish the book in Belgium, but was financially hard
up. His brother’s support from back home was delayed in coming, and he
was scrimping on meals and expenses. Finally, in September 1891, El
Filibusterismo was published in Ghent using donations from Rizal’s friends
particularly Valentin Ventura.