PROKARYOTIC vs

EUKARYOTIC CELL
Objectives :

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

1.distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

according to their distinguishing features;
2.compare and contrast prokaryotic cells and
eukaryotic cells;
3.describe the relative sizes of different kinds of
cells; and
4.name examples of prokaryotic and eukaryotic
organisms.
 Domains and Kingdoms
• There are currently 3 domains in the classification system.
• Organisms are placed into domains and kingdoms based on
their:
-Cell type

-Ability to make food

-Number of cells in their body

 - Domains and Kingdoms

Three Domains of Life

In the three-domain system of classifications, all
known organisms belong to one of three domains–
Bacteria, Archaea, or Eukarya.

PROTISTA
Domain Bacteria
Members of this domain are all prokaryotes.
Prokaryotes – organisms whose cells do not contain a
nucleus
Nucleus – a dense area in a cell that contains
nucleic acids (chemical instructions for the cell)
Domain Archaea

Unicellular prokaryotes that live

in extreme climates
Found in hot springs, molten
rock, and freezing arctic
climates
Similar to bacteria, but have a
slightly different chemical
makeup
 Domain Eukarya
Members of this domain are all Eukaryotes.
Eukaryotes – organisms whose cells contain a
nucleus
Members of this domain are classified into one of
four categories:

Protists – a eukaryotic organism that

can not be classified a plant, animal,
or fungus.
Some are autotrophs and some
are heterotrophs
Most are unicellular, but a few
are multicellular
Domain Eukarya
Fungi – multicellular eukaryotes that can not
move and can not make their own food
(heterotrophs).
Ex: Molds, mushrooms, mildew, yeast
(unicellular)
Plants – multicellular eukaryotes that can not
move, but can make their own food
(autotrophs)
Provide most of the food for heterotrophs
on land.
Animals – multicellular eukaryotes that can
move, but can not make their own food
(heterotrophs)
 - Domains and Kingdoms

Comparing and Contrasting

As you read, compare and contrast the characteristics of
organisms in domains Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya by
completing a table like the one below.
Characteristics of Organisms
Domain or Kingdom Cell Type and Number Able to Make Food?

Bacteria Prokaryotes; unicellular Some are able to make food

Archaea Prokaryotes; unicellular Some are able to make food

Eukarya: Eukaryotes; unicellular or Some are able to make food

Protists multicellular
Fungi Eukaryotes; unicellular or No
multicellular
Plants Eukaryotes; multicellular Yes

Animals Eukaryotes; multicellular No

 Unicellular Organisms
An organism that is made up of only one cell is called
as unicellular organism.
(Examples of Unicellular Eukaryotic cells)

Euglena Paramecium Yeast

 Multicellular Organisms
An organism that is made up of more than one cell is called
as multicellular organism.

Plants Animals Fungus

Size of • Smallest cell

Cells
• Mycoplasma
• Size: 0.1 µm

Cells vary in size.

Most cells are very small

(microscopic), some may be
very large (macroscopic).
• Largest cell
The unit used to measure size • Ostrich egg
of a cell is micrometer.
• Size: 18 cm
1 µm = 1 / 1000 millimeter
 Size of Cells in Humans

Smallest cell Largest cell Longest

Sperm cell Ovum cell cell Nerve
Size: 5 µm Size: 120 cell Size: 1
µm m

Shape of
Cells
Cells vary in shape.
Variation depends mainly upon
the function of cells.
Some cells like Euglena and
Amoeba can change their shape,
but most cells have a fixed shape.
Human RBCs are circular
biconcave for easy passage
through human capillaries.
Nerve cells are branched to
conduct impulses from one
point to another.
Human WBCs can change
their shape to engulf the
microorganisms that enter
the body.
Structure Compound
Of Cell microscope
Magnification 2000X

The detailed structure of a cell has

been studied under compound
microscope and electron microscope.

Certain structures can be seen only

under an electron microscope.
Electron
The structure of a cell as seen under microscope
an electron microscope is called
ultrastructure. Magnification 500000X
 PROKARYOTES VS. EUKARYOTE

Biology: Cell Structure & 1/26/17 16

Function
Cells fall into one of two categories…

Prokaryotes (prokaryotic)
or
Eukaryotes (eukaryotic)
 Prokaryotic Cells
• First cell type on earth
• Cell type of Bacteria and Archaea
 Prokaryotic Cells
• No membrane bound nucleus
• Nucleoid = region of DNA concentration
• Organelles not bound by membranes
STRUCTURES FOUND IN PROKARYOTIC
CELLS
 Eukaryotic Cells
•unicellular or multicellular organisms
•have a nucleus
•have membrane-bound organelles
•LARGER and more complex (have more
stuff inside)
•Examples: animals, plants, fungi and
protists
 Eukaryotic Cells
• Nucleus bound by membrane
• Include fungi, protists, plant,
and animal cells
• Possess many organelles
Representative Animal Cell
Representative Plant Cell
 Prokaryote: Eukaryote:
• Lacks Nucleus • Has Nucleus
• Organelles Lack • Organelles have Membranes
Membranes • DNA is in the Nucleus
• DNA is free floating • Can be unicellular or multicellular
• Always unicellular • Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protists
• Smaller than Eukaryote • Much Larger than Prokaryote
• Reproduction is asexual • Reproduction can be asexual (clones)
(exact copies/clones) or sexual (variations)
Comparison chart