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Circuitos elétricos e
grandezas elétricas
2.1. Electrical circuits and electrical quantities
Electric current
The charge carriers can be electrons, positive ions or negative ions.
For there to be an electric current, a closed circuit with a generator is required. This
supplies energy in order to produce the oriented displacement of the electrical charges.
Electric current is the oriented movement of electric charge carriers, through a closed
circuit.
Electric circuit
In order to have an electric current, a closed conductor circuit is necessary.
In an electrical circuit, the direction of the electric current is from the positive pole
to the negative pole of the generator.
Electric current, electric potential difference
and electrical resistance
Corrente elétrica
The current electrical quantity is the electrical charge that passes, per unit of time,
through a straight section of a conductor.
q
The SI unit of the electric current is the ampere, A.
t
The devices that are used to measure the electric current are the ammeters.
Corrente elétrica, diferença de potencial elétrico
e resistência elétrica
Difference in electrical potential
The electric current is an oriented movement of carriers of electric charge.
In order for electric charge carriers to have this oriented movement, a source of energy is
needed in the circuit. This energy source will create a difference in electrical potential at
the terminals of the conductors that are part of the circuit.
Lei de Ohm – A temperatura constante, existe uma razão constante entre a diferença
de potencial elétrico aplicada a um condutor e a corrente elétrica que o percorre.
U
R constante
Electrical resistance of a filiform conductor
We saw that electrical resistance is a characteristic of a conductor, at constant
temperature. This depends on the material that constitutes it and its geometric
characteristics: length and area of the straight section.
From two conductors of the same material and of the same length, it has greater
resistance, which has a smaller area of straight section.
Síntese de conteúdos
• Uma corrente elétrica é um movimento orientado de portadores de carga elétrica,
através de um circuito fechado.
• A corrente elétrica, I, é a carga elétrica que passa, por unidade de tempo, através
de uma secção reta de um condutor.