Topic: Multiple Linear Regression Analysis &

Category Analysis
Prepared By: Mr. Ishan Trivedi
 Content
• Multiple Linear Regression Analysis
• Assumptions
• Limitations
• Equations for Two Independent Variables
• Category Analysis
• Assumptions
• Equation for Category Analysis
• Advantages & Disadvantages Category Analysis

Presented by: Mr. Ishan Trivedi ǀ Civil Engineering Department

 Multiple Linear Regression Analysis
• well known statistical technique for fitting mathematical relationships between dependent
and independent variables.
• in the case of trip generation equations,
• dependent variable = the number of trips
• independent variables = the various measurable factors that influence trip generation

+ +……+ +
= number of trips generated for purpose p
,= independent variables
,= dependent variables
= Disturbance term

Above equation is developed from the present day data using the statistical technique of
“least squares” fitting.
It is used for the determining the future values of trips

Presented by: Mr. Ishan Trivedi ǀ Civil Engineering Department

 Multiple Linear Regression Analysis
• Trip production model for Mwanza, Tanzania:

𝑌 =0.3699775 𝑋 1+0.7291072 𝑋 2+0.3818451 𝑋 3+1.0807343 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑋 4

• = total trips produced per household
• = average motor cycle and bicycles per household
• = average car ownership per household
• = average house-hold size
• = average monthly income per household
• Trip production model for Toronto:
𝑌 =0.318 𝑋 1+0.458 𝑋 2+0.890 𝑋 3
• = total trips generated at home on an average week day
• = population 5 years and older
• = number of households
• = Number of cars owned

Presented by: Mr. Ishan Trivedi ǀ Civil Engineering Department

 Multiple Linear Regression Analysis
• Assumptions:
1. Each of the independent variables is linearly related to the dependent variable.
2. All the independent variables are independent of each other.
3. All the variables are normally distributed.
4. All the variables are continuous.
5. The influence of each independent variable is additive
• Limitations of regression analysis:
1. Assumption of linear relationship.
2. Survey errors, biases
3. Prediction of future values of independent variables.
4. Correlation between independent variables.
5. The values of the regression coefficients may not remain stable over time.

Presented by: Mr. Ishan Trivedi ǀ Civil Engineering Department

 Multiple Linear Regression Equation for Two
Independent Variables
• For more than one independent variable,
𝑦 =𝑎+𝑏1 𝑥 1+ 𝑏2 𝑥 2
• and correlation coefficients are determined by the equations

𝑏 1=¿ ¿ 𝑟=
𝑏1 [ ∑ 𝑥1 𝑦 − ∑
𝑥1∑ 𝑦
𝑛 ] [
+𝑏 2 ∑ 𝑥2 𝑦 − ∑
2
𝑥2∑ 𝑦
𝑛 ]
(∑ 𝑦 )
∑ 𝑦2−
𝑏 2= ¿ ¿
𝑛

′ Σ 𝑥1 Σ 𝑦 ′ Σ 𝑥2 Σ 𝑦
Σ 𝑥 1 𝑦 =Σ 𝑥1 𝑦 − Σ 𝑥 2 𝑦=Σ 𝑥 2 𝑦 −
𝑎= 𝑦 − 𝑏1 𝑥 1 − 𝑏2 𝑥 2
𝑛 𝑛
′ 2 2 ( Σ 𝑥 1 )2 ′ 2 2 ( Σ 𝑥 2 )2
𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑦 Σ 𝑥 1=Σ 𝑥1 − Σ 𝑥 2=Σ 𝑥2 −
𝑥 1= 𝑥 2= 𝑦= 𝑛 𝑛
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
′ Σ 𝑥1 Σ 𝑥 2
Σ 𝑥 1 𝑥 2=Σ 𝑥 1 𝑥 2 −
𝑛

Presented by: Mr. Ishan Trivedi ǀ Civil Engineering Department

 Category Analysis
• It is also called Cross Classification Technique.
• Considered the Household as the fundamental unit of trip making
• Number of trips from household is a stable function of 3 parameters;
1. Household income
2. Car ownership
3. Family structure
• Assumptions:
1. Household is the fundamental unit in the trip generation process
2. Trip generated by household depends upon various characteristics
3. Households of different sets of characteristics produce trips at different rates.
4. Only three factors are of prime importance in affecting the number of trips
5. Trip generation rates in a horizon year will be the same

Presented by: Mr. Ishan Trivedi ǀ Civil Engineering Department

 Equation for Category Analysis
• Zonal trip productions estimated as,

𝑇 𝑖=∑ h 𝑐𝑖 𝑡 𝑐𝑝
𝑐
• Zonal trip attractions estimated as,

𝑇 𝑗=∑ 𝑏𝑐𝑗 𝑡 𝑐𝑎
𝑐
• = number of trips produced by zone i
• = number of households in zone i in category c
• = trip production rate of category c
• = number of trips attracted to zone j
• = number of employment opportunities in category c
• = trip attraction rate of employment category c

Presented by: Mr. Ishan Trivedi ǀ Civil Engineering Department

 Advantages & Disadvantages Category Analysis

• Advantages of category • Disadvantages of category

analysis technique analysis technique
1. simple concept of household trip 1. There is no scope for testing the
making behavior. statistical significance of
variables.
2. The technique categorizes the
household according to socio- 2. New variables can not be
economic characteristics and this introduced
appears rational
3. Large samples are needed to
3. No mathematical relationship is assign trip rates
derived trip making and
4. The technique normally makes
household characteristics than the
use of studies in the past made
regression analysis
5. It is assumed that income and car
4. The computations are simpler.
ownership increase in future.
5. Saves considerable time, effort
and money

Presented by: Mr. Ishan Trivedi ǀ Civil Engineering Department

 Thank You
10

Presented by: Mr. Ishan Trivedi ǀ Civil Engineering Department