BÀI TẬP NHÓM 1

MÔN TỪ VỰNG
Prefixes and Suffixes
Prefix
Definition of prefix (verb)
1: an affix attached to the beginning of a word, base, or phrase and
serving to produce a derivative word or an inflectional form — compare
suffix
2: a title used before a person's name
Prefix
* Definition of prefix (noun)
1: an affix attached to the beginning of a word, base, or phrase and
serving to produce a derivative word or an inflectional form —
compare suffix
2: a title used before a person's name
* Definition of prefix (adjective) characterized by placement of an
operator before its operand or before its two operands if it is a binary
operator — compare infix, postfix
Other Words from prefix
Noun
prefixal \ ˈprē-​ˌfik-​səl, prē-​ˈfik-​\ adjective
What are prefixes, suffixes, and combining
forms?
Noun
Prefixes and suffixes are both kinds of affixes. That is, they are word
parts that attach to the beginning or end of a word or word base (a
word stripped down to its simplest form) to produce a related word or
an inflectional form of a word. Examples are in- in informal and both
re- and -ing in reporting.
 Noun
A third kind of affix is called an infix. Infixes are inserted into a word or
word base. English uses very few infixes, but a couple examples are the
plural-making s in words like cupsful and passersby, and various swear
words, like damn in informal constructions like guaran-damn-tee.
A combining form is a form of a word that only appears as part of
another word. There are a number of kinds of combining forms, each
classified by what kind of word results when the form is used. For
example, -wise in clockwise is an adverb combining form; -like in birdlike
is an adjective combining form; -graph in photograph is a noun
combining form; and -lyze in electrolyze is a verb combining form.
 Noun
Combining forms are similar to affixes but can have a bit more lexical
substance to them. Unlike affixes, combining forms are substantial enough to
form a word simply by connecting to an affix, such as when the combining
form cephal- joins with the suffix -ic to form cephalic. A combining form can
also differ from an affix in its being derived from an independent word. For
example, para- is a combining form in the word paratrooper because in that
word it represents the word parachute. Para- is a prefix, however, in the
words paranormal and paramedic. A combining form can also be
distinguished historically from an affix by the fact that it is borrowed from
another language in which it is descriptively a word or a combining form,
such as the French mal giving English the mal- in malfunction.
Examples of prefix in a Sentence
Verb Prefix “un” to “do” to form the word “undo.” The cost of the
item was prefixed by a dollar sign. Noun Add the prefix “re-” to form
the words “retell” and “recall.”
First Known Use of prefix
Verb
15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1
Noun
1646, in the meaning defined at sense 1
Adjective
1971, in the meaning defined above
History and Etymology for prefix
Verb
Middle English, from Middle French prefixer, from Latin praefixus
Noun
New Latin praefixum, from Latin, neuter of praefixus, past participle
of praefigere to fasten before, from prae- + figere to fasten — more
at fix
Suffix
* Definition of suffix (noun)
: an affix occurring at the end of a word, base, or phrase — compare
prefix
* Definition of suffix (verb)
transitive verb
: to attach as a suffix
Other Words from suffix
Noun
suffixal \ ˈsə-​fik-​səl, (ˌ)sə-​ˈfik-​səl \ adjectiveVerb
suffixation \ ˌsə-​fik-​ˈsā-​shən\ noun
What are prefixes, suffixes, and combining
forms?
Noun
Prefixes and suffixes are both kinds of affixes. That is, they are word parts
that attach to the beginning or end of a word or word base (a word stripped
down to its simplest form) to produce a related word or an inflectional
form of a word. Examples are in- in informal and both re- and -ing in
reporting.
A third kind of affix is called an infix. Infixes are inserted into a word or
word base. English uses very few infixes, but a couple examples are the
plural-making s in words like cupsful and passersby, and various swear
words, like damn in informal constructions like guaran-damn-tee.
A combining form is a form of a word that only appears as part of
another word. There are a number of kinds of combining forms, each
classified by what kind of word results when the form is used. For
example, -wise in clockwise is an adverb combining form; -like in
birdlike is an adjective combining form; -graph in photograph is a noun
combining form; and -lyze in electrolyze is a verb combining form.
Combining forms are similar to affixes but can have a bit more lexical
substance to them. Unlike affixes, combining forms are substantial enough to
form a word simply by connecting to an affix, such as when the combining
form cephal- joins with the suffix -ic to form cephalic. A combining form can
also differ from an affix in its being derived from an independent word. For
example, para- is a combining form in the word paratrooper because in that
word it represents the word parachute. Para- is a prefix, however, in the
words paranormal and paramedic. A combining form can also be
distinguished historically from an affix by the fact that it is borrowed from
another language in which it is descriptively a word or a combining form,
such as the French mal giving English the mal- in malfunction.
Examples of suffix in a Sentence
Noun The adjective “smokeless” is formed by adding the suffix “-
less” to the noun “smoke.” The adverb “sadly” is formed by adding
the suffix “-ly” to the adjective “sad.”
First Known Use of suffix
Noun
1720, in the meaning defined above
Verb
1778, in the meaning defined above
History and Etymology for suffix
Noun
borrowed from New Latin suffīxum, noun derivative from neuter of
Latin suffīxus, past participle of suffīgere "to fasten from below,
attach to the top of," from suf-, assimilated form of sub- sub- + fīgere
"to drive in, insert, fasten" — more at fix entry 1
Verb
derivative of suffix entry 1
 Make a sentence
TIỀN TỐ
- He is worried about his job after witnessing how his co-workers got fired. (Anh ta
bắt đầu lo lắng sau khi nhìn thấy đồng nghiệp bị sa thải.)
- You won’t believe it! That creature just disappreared into thin air.
(Bạn không tin nổi đâu! Sinh vật đó tự nhiên biến mất tiêu luôn.)
- He becomes hypersensitive after being criticized by his wife.
(Anh ta trở nên nhạy cảm quá mức sau khi bị vợ mình càu nhàu.)
- The discussion suddenly became aggressive when he criticized the
intercontinental missiles.
(Buổi thảo luận đột nhiên trở nên gay gắt khi ông ta lên án các tên lửa liên lục địa.)
HẬU TỐ
- That song was recorded in the recital back in 1950s.
(Bài hát đó được thu âm lại từ buổi trình diễn vào thập niên 1950.)
- His accusations of plagiarism are totally unacceptable.
(Những lời cáo buộc đạo văn của anh ấy là hoàn toàn không thể chấp nhận được.)
- The conference attracts many famous economists in the world.
(Hội nghị thu hút rất nhiều nhà kinh tế học lỗi lạc trên thế giới.)
- All the tasks are doable, but we will need more time.
(Những công việc này đều thực hiện được nhưng sẽ tốn thêm thời gian đấy.)
Synonyms and Antonyms
synonym
Definition of synonym
1: one of two or more words or expressions of the same language that
have the same or nearly the same meaning in some or all senses
2: a word or phrase that by association is held to embody something
(such as a concept or quality) a tyrant whose name has become a
synonym for oppression
b: metonym
3: one of two or more scientific names used to designate the same
taxonomic group — compare homonym
Other Words from synonym
synonymic \ ˌsi-​nə-​ˈni-​mik\ or
less commonly synonymical \ ˌsi-​nə-​ˈni-​mi-​kəl\ adjective
synonymity \ ˌsi-​nə-​ˈni-​mə-​tē\ noun
 Examples of synonym in a Sentence
I very much enjoyed the chapter on obscenity, which asks the difficult
question of how words deemed taboo differ from their inoffensive
synonyms … . It can't obviously be the referent of the term, since that is
the same, and it isn't merely that the taboo words are more accurately
descriptive … — Colin McGinn, The New York Review of Books, 27 Sept.
2007 The debris hurtled by so fast that the New York Times editorial page
seemed to run out of synonyms for disgust, revulsion and abuse. —
Michael Duffy et al., Time, 5 Mar. 2001 "Hollywood" is not, of course, a
place. Nor is it a synonym for the entertainment business. There are
upstanding citizens who make their living in that field. — P. J. O'Rourke,
Republican Party Reptile, 1987 “Small” and “little” are synonyms.
First Known Use of synonym
15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1
History and Etymology for synonym
Middle English sinonyme, from Latin synonymum, from Greek
synōnymon, from neuter of synōnymos synonymous, from syn- +
onyma name — more at name
antonym
Definition of antonym
: a word of opposite meaning The usual antonym of good is bad.
Other Words from antonym
antonymic \ ˌan-​tə-​ˈni-​mik\ adjective
antonymous \ an-​ˈtä-​nə-​məs\ adjective
antonymy \ an-​ˈtä-​nə-​mē\ noun
Some Differences Between Synonyms
and Antonyms
The English language (and, we may presume, many other languages) has
both antonyms and synonyms. There are many more words with synonyms
than there are words with antonyms, since many things exist which do not
have an opposite (the word sandwich, for instance, may be said to have
synonyms in the words hoagie, grinder, submarine, and many other
words, but there is no opposite of sandwich). Antonym is also a much more
recent addition to English than synonym is; it first appeared in the 1860s,
whereas synonym has been used for more than 500 years. Additionally,
both nouns have adjectival forms: synonymous and antonymous.
Synonymous, which is often used loosely ("She has become synonymous
with good taste"), is the more common of the two.
Examples of antonym in a Sentence
“Hot” and “cold” are antonyms.
 First Known Use of antonym
1857, in the meaning defined above
History and Etymology for antonym
Borrowed from French antonyme, probably back-formation (after
synonyme synonym) from antonymie "opposition of words with contrary
senses," borrowed from Greek antōnymía "pronoun (i.e., a word
substituting for another), interchange of names," from ant-, anti- "in
opposition to, in place of" + -ōnymos "having a name (of the kind
specified)" + -ia -ia entry 1 — more at anti-, homonymous
Note: French antonyme appears in the title and text of Dictionnaire
des antonymes ou contremots (Paris & Berlin, 1842), an early
dictionary of antonyms compiled from 17th-18th-century authors by
the Alsatian philologist Paul Ackermann (1812-46), who may have
coined the word. In English antonym was promulgated, if not first
used, by the British clergyman Charles John Smith (1819-72) in
Synonyms and Antonyms, Collected and Contrasted (London: Bell &
Daldy, 1867), which went through several subsequent editions and
reprints.
Note: French antonyme appears in the title and text of Dictionnaire
des antonymes ou contremots (Paris & Berlin, 1842), an early
dictionary of antonyms compiled from 17th-18th-century authors by
the Alsatian philologist Paul Ackermann (1812-46), who may have
coined the word. In English antonym was promulgated, if not first
used, by the British clergyman Charles John Smith (1819-72) in
Synonyms and Antonyms, Collected and Contrasted (London: Bell &
Daldy, 1867), which went through several subsequent editions and
reprints.
• TỪ ĐỒNG NGHĨA
make a sentence: đặt câu
Tall: Your boyfriend is so tall.
(Bạn trai của bạn cao quá.)
High: This building is higher than that one.
(Tòa nhà này cao hơn tòa nhà kia.)
TỪ TRÁI NGHĨA
make a sentence: đặt câu
We should smile when we meet everyone. Don’t frown them even though you’re not
comfortable.
(Chúng ta nên mỉm cười khi gặp mọi người. Đừng nhăn nhó với họ thậm chí khi bạn
cảm thấy không thoải mái.)
It’s cold so you should put on the coat, and remember to take off your shoes before
you go to bed.
(Trời lạnh con nên mặc áo khoác, và nhớ bỏ giầy trước khi lên giường đi ngủ.)