Introduction

to
Physical Education
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
AT THE END OF THE LESSON, LEARNERS
SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

1 2 3 4

Define Physical Education Recognize the historical

Demonstrate understanding
and it’s importance development of Explain the aims and objectives
of the legal basis
Physical Education
 Concept of Physical
Education
From a Latin words “physica”, is
otherwise known as physics
“educatio” meaning the training of the
bodily organs and powers with the view
to the promotion of health and vigor

Is an integral part of the education process,

designed for the optimum development of
individual’s potentials through the
performance of suitable and selected
movement experience.
Historical Development

Primitive time:
 Physical Activity were not
organized
 Physical Activities were mainly to
search food and defend
themselves from harm and danger
 Historical Development

Ancient Oriental Countries:

 The people were concern about intellectual excellence
and led a sedentary lifestyle. Their concern was
memorizing
the teaching of Confucius, the Great Teacher at that time.
 Physical Activity, are only for the rich, were Chinese
classics show in music, dancing and archery
 The people, felt that the cause of their illnesses was
their sedentary life, so KUNG FU was developed, a
form of medical gymnastics
Historical Development

India:
 Concentrate solely on spiritual rather than PA activities
 Their religious belief stress reincarnation of the soul
before being united finally with BRAHMA, the supreme
goal.
 Evidence of PA; Hindu Dancing- one of the oldest
organized dancing
 YOGA their greatest contribution, exercise in posture
and breath taking and involve several positions to
regulate the discipline of the mind.
Historical Development

Egypt:
 .The Egyptians believed in life full of PA
activities
 Young boys were instructed in the use of
weapons of war, on the other hand dance for
the royal entertainment
Historical Development

Persia:
 Empire building through military aggression is the
main objective of Persia
 The state trained six year old's in such events as
running, throwing a javelin, slinging, hinting and
marching.
 There was no training in the intellectual. The
program of PA was directed toward building of
strength, conquest and aggrandizement
 Historical Development

Greece:
 Physical Education reach its golden age
 The two city states that gave importance in PA were SPARTAN and
ATHENS, but they were exact opposite in their objectives of P.E
SPARTANS
 The main objective was to contribute a strong and powerful army. Only
the strong and vigorous babies were allowed to live. No individual
freedom.
 All boys above 6 years old are subjected to rigid training and entered
the Agoge, which was a system of public compulsory training.
 PA activities are wrestling, jumping, running, throwing the discus and
javelin, hunting, horseback riding and marching.
Historical Development

Greece: (continuation)
Athens
 Individual life was not controlled so people enjoyed individual
freedom
 The objective of P.E was for physical perfection with emphasis
on beauty of physique
 Gymnastic and music were considered as the two important
subjects in the curriculum
 Palaestra- were a building for exercise and space for jumping
and wrestling
 Greece laid the foundation of the present Olympic Games,
which was first held in 776 B.C and continued every Four years
Historical Development

Greek Philosophers
 Herodotus- PA as an aid to medicine
 Hippocrates- proclaimed the law of use and dis use of
the body parts
 Aristotle- prescribe progression of exercises and
recognize the interrelationship of the body and soul
 Socrates- gave emphasis on the importance of PE in
attaining health in order to achieve one’s purpose in life
 Plato- considered gymnastics and music as the two most
important subject in the curriculum
 Galen- stated that P.E should be part of hygiene and
subordinate to medicine
 Historical Development

P.E in Modern Europe (Germany, Sweden, and England)

 Germans introduced the Turner Societies, which advocated a system
of gymnastics training that utilized heavy apparatus (e.g., side horse,
parallel and horizontal bars) in the pursuit of fitness.
 In contrast, the Swedish system of exercise promoted health through
the performance of a series of prescribed movement patterns with
light apparatus (e.g., wands, climbing ropes).
 The English brought sports and games with a system that stressed
moral development through participation in physical activities. The
influence of these three nations laid the foundation for sport and
physical education in America.
Historical Development

P.E in Modern United States

 On the nineteenth century there was a growing popularity
of formal physical education programs all across Europe
where calisthenics and gymnastics were all the rage.
American schools looked to follow the European model
by incorporating physical education into the curriculum
for primary and secondary schools. Schools focused on
gymnastics, hygiene training and care and development
of the human body.
Historical Development

P.E in the Philippines

Pre-Spanish Period
 Negritos or Aetas, aborigines of the
Philippines lived mainly by hunting with the
use of bow and arrow. They have to run,
leap, jump and climb these activities kept
them physically fit.
Historical Development

P.E in the Philippines

Indonesians and Malay migrated to the Ph
 Those who settled along coast or in the lowlands
produced their food through planting and
cultivating mountainsides
 Dancing was a form of religious activity and
they dance for their Gods and other purposes.
(to cure sick, wanted rain, bountiful harvest etc.)
P.E in the Philippines
 After the Spanish Regime, dancing continued
to be one of the major activities enjoyed by
the Filipinos. (Fandangos, Curachas, Jotas of
Spain, Polkas, Mazurkas and Rigidon)
 Games were played during grand celebrations.
(Pabitin, Palo Sebo, Juego de anillo,
Duplo,Sungka etc.)
 Legal Basis
Article XIV, Section 19 of the 1987 Constitution of the
Republic Act of the Philippines states that:

• The state shall promote physical education and encourage sports

programs, league competitions and amateur sports, including training
for international competitions to foster discipline, teamwork, and
excellence for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry.
• All educational institution shall undertake sports activities throughout
the country in cooperation with the athletic clubs and other sectors.
 HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT

1. Physical Development
Through carefully selected
physical education activities,
an individual who participates
actively will develop and
maintain and a high level of
physical fitness.
2. Social Development
Participation in physical
education activities provides
opportunities for the
development of desirable social
traits needed for adjustment to
the social life in general.
Emotional Development
The informal nature of physical
education activities offers
opportunities for self-expression
and emotional mastery
Mental Development
Through participation in physical
education activities the individual
develops his mental capacities as he
learn the mechanical principles
underlying movements.
Spiritual Development
Provide the development
of inner self and soul.
 RUBRICS:
Content 5 pts- demonstrates full knowledge
by answering with explanations and
elaboration, supports ideas with data,
evidence, examples, and facts and from the
course content
Organization 3 pts- Paragraph is well
presented and uses complete sentences
that is relevant to the topic
Grammar 2 pts - Spell, punctuate and use
rules of grammar accurately and use a wide
range of specialist terms precisely.
ASSESSMENT:
Essay
• How would you define physical education?
• Discuss at least one historical development of
Physical education that gave the most impact to
you?
• 3.What is the significance of the legal basis of
• physical education?
• 4. List the five of objectives of Physical Education
• and explain how it affects your development.
ASSIGNMENT:
Research the following:

1.Health and skill related fitness components

2.Principles of exercise
3.Phases of exercise
REFERENCES:
Freeman, William. (2013). Physical Education, Exercise and Sport Science in a
Changing Society. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. ISBN 1449691056,
9781449691059 retrieved from:
https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=W3JHAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq
=Physical+Education&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj5j9qvoLXrAhUaK6YKHTaeBs
EQ6AEwB3oECAgQAg#v=onepage&q&f=false
Sharma V.K. (2018). Health and Physical Education Class 11. New Saraswati House
India Pvt Ltd. ISBN 9352722167, 9789352722167. Retrieved from:
https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=zj9jDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=
Physical+Education&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjG1a3wobXrAhUKkJQKHZ8PD
Ww4KBDoATAHegQICRAC#v=onepage&q&f=false