Basic Computer

Concepts
INTRO TO ICT 1/TEACHING ICT AS AN EXPLORATORY COURSE
The Computer
 A computer is a device that manipulates information
or "data." It can store, retrieve, and process data. You
can use a computer to play games, send an email, and
browse the Internet. It can also be used to perform
worksheets, accounting, database management,
presentations, sharing of videos, and more.
Essential Parts of a Computer
 All types of computers consist of two essential parts:

 Hardware is any part of your computer with a physical structure like a

computer monitor or keyboard.
 Example:
Essential Parts of a Computer

 Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware or another software
what to do. Examples of software are Microsoft Edge, Mobile Legends, and
presentation applications, such as Microsoft PowerPoint.

 Example:
Different Types of Computers
 DESKTOP computers are intended for use at a desk or table. They are usually more
substantial and more powerful than other types of personal computers. Desktop computers
are made up of detachable components. The main element is called the system unit. It is
typically a rectangular case that sits on or beneath a desk. Other components, such as the
keyboard, monitor, and mouse, attach to the system unit.
Different Types of Computers
 LAPTOP It is a battery or AC-powered computer that is more portable than
desktop computers, allowing you to use them almost anywhere.
 Since a laptop is smaller than a standard PC in size, it's more challenging to
replace the system components. However, several types of a laptop are
possible to add more memory or a bigger storage capacity.
Different Types of Computers
 SERVER It is a computer that provides information to other computers on a
network.
 Servers also play a vital role in making the internet work: they are where
web pages are stored. When you use your browser to visit a site, a web server
delivers the page you requested.
Other Types of Computers
 Tablet Computers: These use a touch screen for inputting data and
navigation. Since they don't need a mouse or keyboard, tablet computers are
more portable than any computer device. An iPad is an example of a tablet
computer.
 Example: iPad Pro Tablet
Other Types of Computers
 Mobile Phones: In some ways, mobile phones can do many things like a
computer, including browsing the Internet or playing games. These phones
are often called smartphones. A smartphone is smaller and lighter than a
desktop and laptop. It is considered the most used device compared to others.
 Example: Samsung Galaxy S20 Smartphone
Other Types of Computers
 Game Consoles: A gaming computer (console) is a dedicated kind of
computer that is intended to play games. Although they are not designed as a
usual computer, many newer consoles, such as the Sony PlayStation 5, allow
you to do non-gaming tasks like internet browsing.
 Example: Sony PlayStation 4
Other Types of Computers
 Smart TV: Currently, modern TV now includes applications (apps) that
allow you to access various types of online content. For example, you can
view your Instagram news feed or watch streaming movies on Netflix.
 Example: Netflix app launched on Smart TV.
Other Types of Computers
 Smart Watches - is a wearable computer in the form of a traditional
wristwatch.
 Example: Apple Watch
Other Types of Computers
 VR headset - is a head-mounted device that provides virtual reality for the
user. Virtual reality (VR) is an artificial world generated by VR devices.
 Example: A woman using a virtual reality device
Two Main Style of Personal Computer
 Personal computers originate in two "styles": PC and Mac.
 PC.
 This type of computer started with the original IBM PC that was presented in
1981. Other companies began to create similar computing devices, which
were called IBM PC (often shortened to PC). These days, this is the most
common type of personal computer, and it typically includes the Microsoft
Windows operating system.
Two Main Style of Personal Computer
 Mac
 The Macintosh was bought to market in 1984, and it was the first widely sold
personal computer with a Graphical User Interface. All Mac devices are made
by one company, Apple Inc., and they used the Mac OS X operating system.
Basic Component of a Desktop Computer
 SYSTEM UNIT It is the core of a computer system. Usually, it's a
rectangular box under your desk. Inside this box are many system
components. The most essential part of this component is the processor,
which acts as the "brain" of the computer. Another critical element is
memory, which temporarily stores information when the computer is on.
 Almost every part of your computer connects to the system unit using cables.
The cables plug into specific ports, typically on the back of the system unit.
Basic Component of a Desktop Computer
 MOUSE It is an input device used to interact with items on your computer
screen. It allows us to move objects, open, change, and perform other actions,
all by pointing and clicking with your mouse.
Basic Component of a Desktop Computer
 MONITOR It is an output device that displays video images and text.
Basic Component of a Desktop Computer
 Different types of Monitor
 CRT (cathode ray tube) - By comparison, old school CRT monitors seem dull and bulky. CRT (Cathode
Ray Tube) monitors resemble small TV sets. They're not flat panel monitors.
 LCD (liquid crystal display) - LCD monitors look slim and hip on any desktop. The most used monitor
today, LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) monitors look much like large laptop screens mounted on a stand.
 Quantum dot LED - A display technology that uses quantum dots to emit light. QLED is expected to be
more power-efficient than OLED and less costly to manufacture. QLED is also ultra-thin, transparent, and
flexible.
 OLED (organic light-emitting diode) - A display technology that offers bright, colorful images with a
wide viewing angle, low power, high contrast ratio, and fast response time for sports and action movies.
The OLED technology differs significantly from the screens in plasma and LC D/LED Monitors/Display.
 LED (light-emitting diode) - An LED display is a flat panel display, which uses an array of 
light-emitting diodes as a display.
Basic Component of a Desktop Computer
 KEYBOARD It is an input device that use to enter information into your
computer.
Basic Component of a Desktop Computer
 SPEAKER is an output device used to play sound. It can be built into the
system unit or connected with cable connectors. It lets you listen to music
and hear sound from your device.
Basic Component of a Desktop Computer
 PRINTER It is an output device that takes the data stored on a computer or other device
and generates a printed copy of it.
 Different types of printer
 3D Printer - is a device that creates a physical object from a digital model by layering materials. It uses materials such
as metal alloys, polymers, plastics, or even food ingredients. It was invented by Chuck Hull in 1984.
 All-in-One Printer – it is also called as MFP (multifunction printer). It is a type of device with the functions of a
printer, fax, and scanner all in one device.
 Dot-Matrix – it also refers to a pin printer; dot matrix printers were first introduced by IBM in 1957. However, the
first dot-matrix impact printer was created by Centronics in 1970.
 Inkjet-printer - The most popular printer for every user that prints by spraying streams of quick-drying ink on paper.
 Laser printer - The laser printer was first developed at Xerox PARC by Gary Starkweather and released in 1971. It
uses laser technology to print images on the paper. It often used for medium-size business environments that require
print jobs to be completed quickly and in large quantities
The Internal Hardware
 MOTHERBOARD
 It is the main printed circuit board within a desktop computer, laptop or
server. Its essential functions are the following:
 To play as a central backbone to which all other parts, such as processor,
memory, and storage devices, can be attached as required to create a computer.
 To receive (on many motherboards) different components (in particular CPU and
expansion cards) for customization.
 To allocate power to system components.
 To electronically talk and interface the operation of the components.
The Internal Hardware
 CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
 The processor or central processing unit is the hardware component within
a computer that transmits out the instructions of a computer program by
processing the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the
system.

 CPU Architectures
 32-bit (x86) CPU
 64-bit (x64) CPU
The Internal Hardware
 RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)
 It is a hardware device that allows information to be stored and retrieved on a
computer. It is a volatile memory and needs the power to keep the data
available. If the machine is switched off, all data contained in RAM is lost.
 Examples:
The Internal Hardware
 HARD DISK DRIVE (HDD) is a non-volatile data storage device. Non-
volatile memory is a term used to store data regardless if the computer has
power. Internal HDD in a drive bay (space provided for HDD drive)
connected to the motherboard using an ATA, SCSI, or SATA cable.
The Internal Hardware
 POWER SUPPLY UNIT (PSU) It is a hardware component of a computer
that provides the power needed by the computer and its components.
The Internal Hardware
 GRAPHICS CARD is also called a video adapter, display card, graphics
card, display adapter or graphics adapter) is an add-on card which generates a
feed of output images to a display monitor.

 
Display Port  

It is a digital display interface developed by

the Video Electronics Standards Association
(VESA). The interface is mainly used to
connect a video source to a display device
such as a computer monitor, though it can
also be used to transmit audio, USB, and
other forms of data.
The Internal Hardware
 GRAPHICS CARD is also called a video adapter, display card, graphics
card, display adapter or graphics adapter) is an add-on card which generates a
feed of output images to a display monitor.

High Definition Multimedia Interface  

 
(HDMI)

is a digital interface capable of transmitting

audio and visual data through the same cable.
The Internal Hardware
 GRAPHICS CARD is also called a video adapter, display card, graphics
card, display adapter or graphics adapter) is an add-on card which generates a
feed of output images to a display monitor.

Digital Visual Interface (DVI)  

 

Digital-based standard interface designed for

displays such as flat-panel displays (LCDs,
plasma screens, wide high-definition television
displays) and video projectors.
The Internal Hardware
 GRAPHICS CARD is also called a video adapter, display card, graphics
card, display adapter or graphics adapter) is an add-on card which generates a
feed of output images to a display monitor.

Analog D-Sub  
 

is a standard interface for an analog monitor.

It was intended for CRT displays.
The Internal Hardware
 IO PORTS (Input-Output Ports)
 PS/2 Keyboard and Mouse
 Keyboard and Mice Connectors - Old Style 5 Pin DIN Keyboard connector. The 5 pin
DIN connectors are rarely used anymore. Most computers use the mini-DIN PS/2
connector, but an increasing number of new systems are dropping PS/2 connectors in
favor of USB. Adapters are available to convert 5 pin din to PS/2
The Internal Hardware
 IO PORTS (Input-Output Ports)
 Serial Port
 Serial or COM-1 port Used for External Modems and old Mice. Being phased out on
newer computers. Replaced by USB.
The Internal Hardware
 IO PORTS (Input-Output Ports)
 Parallel / Printer Port
 Also called as Line Printer Terminal (LPT Port), used for old printers. It is not b found
on newer computers.
The Internal Hardware
 IO PORTS (Input-Output Ports)
 Universal Serial Bus (USB) Ports
 Use the USB ports to connect USB devices. (Universal Serial Bus) Used for just about
everything attached to a computer.
The Internal Hardware
 IO PORTS (Input-Output Ports)
 Firewire
 Firewire connectors should not be confused with USB connectors, and they look almost
the same. FireWire is used to connect external devices like hard drives. Sometimes
FireWire is called IEEE1394a or i-link
The Internal Hardware
 IO PORTS (Input-Output Ports)
 Audio and Game Ports
 SPDIF is a standard for transmitting high-quality digital audio without going through an
analog conversion process. The SPDIF interface can be implemented in two different
ways, Coaxial and Optical.
The Internal Hardware
 IO PORTS (Input-Output Ports)
 Ethernet Port
 Connects an RJ-45 jack to the LAN port to connect your computer to the Network.
“ Intro to ICT 1/Teaching ICT as
an Exploratory Course
BY: JUDEMAR E. CAGUAY
”
End of Presentation