Illustrating

Variation
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 LEARNING
COMPETENCY
The learners will be able to:

• Illustrate situations that involve the following

variations:

a) direct variation c) joint b) inverse variation

d) combined. M9AL-IIa-1
 WHAT IS
VARIATION?
It is defined by any
change in some
quantity due to change
in another.
EXAMPLE OF VARIATION
= 10 = 30
PESOS PESOS

= 40
= 20 PESOS
PESOS
 INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT
VARIABLE
= 10
PESOS
DEPEND
INDEPENDENT ENT

= 40
PESOS
TYPES OF VARIATION
DIRECT
INVERSE/
INDIRECT
JOINT
COMBINED
 TYPES OF VARIATION
DIRECT VARIATION
- is a relationship between two quantities, x and y,
where, as x increases y also increases or as y
decreases, x also decreases and the ratio between
them is constant or the same for all given values of
the variables.
- y=kx
 TYPES OF VARIATION
INDIRECT/INVERSE VARIATION
- Inverse variation involves a relation of two
quantities, x and y, where in, as x increases y
decreases, or when y increases x decreases and that
their product remains constant.
- y = k/x
 TYPES OF VARIATION
JOINT VARIATION

It is a type of variation in which one

variable varies directly to the product of
two or more variables.
y = kxz
 TYPES OF VARIATION
COMBINED VARIATION
describes a relationship where a variable depends on
two or more other variables, varies directly with some
of them and inversely with others.

y = kx/z
 Examples of Variation
1. The salary (s) of the worker is directly proportional
to the hours (h) he worked.

hours (h) salary (s)

independent
dependent
“ As the number of hours increases, the salary also increases”

Direct Variation

Direct variation
equation
s = kh
 Examples of Variation
2. “The length of the rectangle varies inversely to its
width.”

distance (d) gasoline (g)

independent
dependent
“ As the length increases, the width decreases

Indirect Variation

Indirect variation equation

L = k/w
 Examples of Variation
3. The volume(v) of the box is equal to the product of
length(l), width(w) and height(h).

length, width volume

and height dependent
independent
“ As the length, width and height increases, there will be an increase in the
volume of the box”

Joint Variation

Joint variation equation

v = lwh
 Examples of Variation
4. . The time(t) varies directly to the distance(d) and
inversely to the speed(s). It is combined variation.

distance, time
speed dependent
independent
“ As the length, width and height increases, there will be an increase in the
volume of the box”

Combined Variation

Combined variation equation

t = d/s
KEY PHRASES FOR EACH VARIATION
Identify if it is direct, inverse, joint or combined variation

1. At constant temperature, the Volume (V)

of a gas varies inversely to the Pressure (P)

Inverse Variation
Identify if it is direct, inverse, joint or combined variation

2. Amount of interest; I = Prt

Joint Variation
Identify if it is direct, inverse, joint or combined variation

3. When the number of persons working on

a certain amount of work increases, the time
for them to finish that work decreases.

Inverse Variation
Identify if it is direct, inverse, joint or combined variation

4. The commission (C) of a salesman

varies directly to the amount of his
sales (S).

Direct Variation
Identify if it is direct, inverse, joint or combined variation

5. If x is directly proportional to y and

inversely proportional to z, what
happens to x

Combined Variation
Identify the underlined word if it is independent or dependent
variable

1. The diameter of a circle to its circumference.

2. The cost of a ball pen to the number of ball pen.
3. The cost per person renting a private resort to
the number of persons sharing the rent.
4. The number of days to repair a road to the
number of workers.
5. The area of a rectangle to its length and width
1. Dependent 2. dependent 3. independent

4. Dependent 5. Independent
 Clues in writing the variation equation
1. Direct Variation

Dependent

y = kx Independent

constant
 Clues in writing the variation equation
2. Inverse

Dependent

y= constant

independent
 Clues in writing the variation equation
1. Joint

Dependent

y =kxz xz : independent

constant
 Clues in writing the variation equation
4. Combined

Dependent

y= k : constant

independent
WRITE THE VARIATION EQUATION IN EACH STATEMENT

1. The cost (c) of a ball pen is directly

proportional to the number (n) of ball pen.

c = kn
WRITE THE VARIATION EQUATION IN EACH STATEMENT

2. The cost (c) per person renting a

private resort is inversely proportional
to the number (n) of persons sharing
the rent.

c=
WRITE THE VARIATION EQUATION IN EACH STATEMENT

3. The weight of an object on Earth(E)

varies directly as the weight of the same
object on the moon(m)

E= km
WRITE THE VARIATION EQUATION IN EACH STATEMENT

4. The volume (v) of a cone varies jointly as its

height(h) and the square of its radius(r)

v= khr2
WRITE THE VARIATION EQUATION IN EACH STATEMENT

5. The electrical resistance(r) of a wire varies

directly as its length(l) and inversely as the square
of its diameter(d). 

r=