PESONAL IDENTIFICATION

Establishment of individuality of person

OR
Recognition of a person
METHODS OF IDENTIFICATION
1.Third Party Identification.

2.Subjective Identification.

3.Objective identification.
THIRD PARTY IDENTIFICATION
 Two Principal Parties.

1. Examiner.

2. Examinee.

Third party : Friend or Relative.

Subjective identification
Based on MORPHOLOGICAL DATA
1.Anatomical Parameters.
a.Primary: present at birth e.g., height,
weight, complexion, facial characteristics.

b.Secondary: Developed later on in life e.g.

secondary Sexual characteristics,
degenerative changes e.g. cataract , arcus
senilis of cornea.
Cont.
2.Physiological Parameters:
Gait,voice.tone etc.

3.Pathological Parameters:
Scars,fibroids,fractures etc.

4.Genetic Parameters:
Blood gp,bar bodies,DNA.
Objective identification
Based on SPECIFIC MORPHOLOGICAL DATA
OR
BELONGINGS
“Character having intimate association to a
Person present in his body or belongings”.

Useful in mutilated bodies who lack facial

identity.
Cont.
1.Biological data:
 Hair,nail,bones,body tissues,stains by

physical
examination,histopathology,radiological.

2.Non Biological data:

 Clothes, wrist watch, tailor tag, shoes,
METHODS OF IDENTIFICATION
 Primary identification: criteria are
Fingerprints,DNA,dental and unique medical
characteristics.

 Secondary identification: criteria are

Marks,scars,defomaties,personal
effects,xray,specific clothing.
TYPES OF IDENTIFICATION
1.Complete identification.
Absolute fixation of identity e.g. age
certification ,job
2.Partial identification.
Ascertainment of certain or some parts but
other still remain unknown e.g. data from
skeleton (age,sex,race)
PURPOSE OF IDENTIFICATION
IN LIVING;
A.CIVIL CASES:
Pension, insurance claims ,disputed sex
marriage,job,missing person .
B.CRIMINAL CASES:
Accused of assualt,murder,impersonation,
Interchange of babies.
 Cont.
.IN DEAD;
1.ACCIDENTS:
Fire ,explosions,RTA.
2.DECOMPOSED BODIES:
Mutilated bodies, skeleton remains, drowning.
3.CORPUS DELICTI:
Latin word means Body of crime
Identification and its proof by criminal act
PARAMETERS OF
IDENTIFICATION
1.GENERAL:
Race

Religion

Belongings
 Cont.
2.SPECIFIC:
A :M0RPHOLOGICAL DATA:
a.Congenital.
b.Acquired.

B:MISCELLANEOUS DATA:

C:COMPARATIVE DATA:
MORPHOLOGICAL DATA
a.CONGENITAL DATA:
. General development,sex,age,anthropometric
measurement, finger and foot
prints ,malformation.
b.ACQUIRED DATA:
.Scars ,tattoo
marks ,fractures,deformaties,occupational
marks.
MISCELLANEOUS DATA
Hand writing
Visiting cards
Keys
Glasses
Diary
Habits
Shoes
COMPARITIVE DATA
Anthropometry

Superimposition techniques

Finger and foot prints

Trace evidence comparison