General Chemistry

Week 5
What was our previous lesson?

Chemical Balancing
C2H6 + O2 -> 2CO2 + 3H2O
2- C -1 X2 =2
6- H -2 X3 =6
2- O -2+1
2*2=4 1*3=3
2 C2H6 +7 O2 -> 4CO2 + 6H2O
4=2x 2- C -1 X4 =4
12=2x 6- H -2 x6=12
14=7x 2- O -2+1 =14
2*4=8 1*6=6
 Law of Conservation of Mass
The law implies that mass can neither be created nor destroyed

*The mass of the reactant must be equal to the mass of the product.
(expressed in the unit (g/mol)

Discovered by French scientist Antoine Lavoisier

 2C2H6 + 7O2 -> 4CO2 + 6H2O
2 (2*12)+(6*1) 7 (2*16) 4 (1*12)+(2*16) 6 (2*1)+(1*16)
2 (24) + (6) 7 (32) 4 (12)+(32) 6 (2)+(16)
2 (30) 224 4 (44) 6 (18)
60 176 108

284 g/mol 284 g/mol

N2 + O2 -> NO2
CH4 + O2 -> CO2 + H2O
Zn + HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2
LIMITING AND EXCESS REAGENTS
If the reaction is to start with given amounts of two reactants, the substance
that limits the formation of the product should be identified first.
The substance, referred to as limiting reagents, is consumed completely
in the reaction. Once this reagent is used up, the reaction no longer proceeds
and so does the formation of products. The other reactant,
which will have some unreacted amount after the reaction, is the excess reagent.
The theoretical yield is obtained based on the amount of the limiting reagent.
LIMITING AND EXCESS REAGENTS/REACTANT

1 Bun
1 Hotdog

1 Bun +1 Hotdog = 1 Hotdog sandwich

How many hotdog sandwich can we make?
 (excess)

How many hotdog sandwich can we make?

LIMITING AND EXCESS REAGENTS/REACTANT
Limiting Excess

Excess: 1 bun
*What is the greatest amount of bread rolls that
can be made with 6 cups of flour and 3 cups of
water? If this is a chemical reaction, what would
be the limiting and excess reactant? How much is
left over?

3 cups of flour + 1 cup of water = 5 bread rolls

Given:

3 cups of flour + 1 cup of water = 5 bread rolls

Given:

Limiting Reagent : Flour

Excess Reagent : 1 cup of Water
3 cups of flour + 1 cup of water = 5 bread rolls
*What is the greatest amount of bread rolls that
can be made with 6 cups of flour and 3 cups of
water? If this is a chemical reaction, what would
be the limiting and excess reactant? How much is
left over? 10 pieces if bread rolls
 2 moles of Mg and 5 moles of O2 are placed in a reaction
vessel, and then Mg is ignited to the reaction.
2 Mg + O2  2MgO

Limiting Reagent: Magnesium

Excess Reagent: Oxygen (4 moles)
What is the greatest amount of NH3 (in moles) that can
be made with 3.2 moles of N2 and 5.4 moles of H2.
Which is the limiting reactant and excess reactant .
How many moles are left over?
1.8 N2 5.4 H2
(1.8) (1.8) 1 N2
5.4 H2 X ------- =1.8 N2
1 N2 + 3 H2  2 NH3 3 H2
(3.2) (3.2)
3.2 N2 9.6 H2 5.4 H2
=3
1.8
 What is the greatest amount of NH3 (in moles) that can
be made with 3.2 moles of N2 and 5.4 moles of H2.
Which is the limiting reactant and excess reactant .
How many moles are left over?
1.8 N2 5.4 H2
(1.8) (1.8) 1 N2
5.4 H2 X ------- =1.8 N2
1 N2 + 3 H2  2 NH3 3 H2
(3.2) (3.2)
Limiting Reagent: H2
3.2 N2 9.6 H2 N2 5.4 H2
Excess Reagent: =3
1.8
3.2-1.8 =1.4
P + O2  P2O5
 4P + 5O2  2P2O5
10 moles of P
10 moles of O2

Limiting Reagent:
Excess Reagent:
Activity: