Reading and

Writing Skills
Quarter 4, Week 2
 Most Essential Learning Competencies
1. Explain critical reading as reasoning
2. Formulate evaluative statements about a text read:
a. assertions about the content and properties of a
text read; and
b. counterclaims in response to claims made in a
text read
3. Determine textual evidence to validate assertions
and counterclaims made about a text read
Review!
•Hypertext
•Intertext
Modules to be Used
• Quarter 4 – Module 5: Critical Reading as
Reasoning
• Quarter 4 – Module 6: Formulating
Evaluative Statements
• Quarter 4 –Module 7: Determining Textual
Evidence
Module 5: Critical Reading as
Reasoning
•Interaction with the text is very
important to you as a reader
because it will help you evaluate
and formulate judgment on how
the text works.
•Critical reading is engaging in analytic
activity which involves the reader by
asking questions about the text and the
author’s claim. Critical readers are doing
the process of evaluating, analyzing, and
interpreting the assertion of the hidden
meaning of the entire text.
•On the other hand, reasoning as defined
in Merriam-Webster dictionary, is an act
of giving statements for justification and
explanation. It is the ability of someone
to defend something by giving out
reasons.
•Therefore, when reading critically, it is
necessary to question the different
arguments used by the author, as any
problem can weaken the authenticity of
the conclusion.
•Remember that critical reading is not
meant to criticize but to assess the
validity of textual evidence.
 Steps Used in Critical
Reading as Reasoning
by Maxine Rafaella C. Rodriguez and Marella
Therese A. Tiongson
1. Identifying assertions
Identify by a common type of assertion such as fact,
convention, opinion, and preference

2. Formulating a counterclaim
Counterclaims are made to rebut a previous claim

3. Determining evidence
Evidence is the details given by the authors to
support his/her claims
• Example
• You are asking your father for an Android phone—that
is your claim.
• Then, your father answers you, “I am sorry, but you
couldn’t.”—this is his counterclaim.
• He might say that you already have a cellphone. Now,
you are going to formulate a reason for your
counterclaim. You may say that the reason you are
asking for an Android phone is because you need to
use it for your online class and would be very helpful
in the new normal classroom setup.
• When you write your counterclaim, you are
expressing unfavorable statements.
Therefore, it is needed that you use hedges,
which are words or phrases that give a
courteous tone.
 Expected Outputs Week 2 Part 1/ Module
5
• Use Quarter 4-Module 5 Critical Reading as Reasoning
Lesson 5 Explain critical reading as reasoning

• Learning Task : What’s More Read the passage carefully. Find

the claim, the evidence, and the reasoning in the passage.
(See p.5)
 Module 6:
Formulating Evaluative
Statements
Lesson 1 – Assertions
Lesson 2 – Counterclaims
• What is an Evaluative Statement?
• It is a statement that states one's sound
judgement about something through writing
which is supported by reasons and
evidences. It also presents the strengths and
weaknesses of something based on a set of
criteria which needs to be factual,
substantial, and unbiased.
• How to Formulate an Evaluative Statement:
• To formulate an evaluative statement, one needs
to read the entire text carefully and critically to
understand and to check for possible fallacies in
the argument presented by the writer. You may
formulate your evaluative statements in two
ways such as formulating assertions and
counterclaims.
• The question now is, how are you going to form evaluative statements?
It’s very simple! Just remember the following pointers:

• Read Example on pp. 6-8

Lesson 1 – Assertions
A good critical reader does not only understand the
meaning of a reading material but also logically
evaluates whether the claims of the writer are true
or false. Assertions serve as a primary way for the
readers to consider and possibly agree with the
claims presented by the writer in an expository
writing.
• Assertions are declarative sentences that give
one’s belief about something else as if it is true
though it may not be. It is expressed as an
argument. Usually, these assertions contain
languages that expresses evaluation such as
useful, significant, important, insightful, detailed,
up-to-date, comprehensive, practical, impressive,
etc.
There are four types of assertions which are classified
according to the degree of certainty they can be judged as
true or false.
Lesson 2 Counterclaims

• To be an effective critical thinker, it is not enough just

to be able to identify claims and assertions. The ability
to analyze an argument is essential to understanding
the text more deeply, but understanding the claim is
not the only facet of the argument. You must also
learn how to analyze the counterclaims and evidence
provided by the text. Being able to recognize and
formulate counterclaims in reaction to an argument is
a characteristic of a good critical reader.
•Counterclaims are claims made to
rebut a previous claim. To rebut
means to contradict someone’s
statement through a form
To be able to locate counterclaims to an argument,
remember the following:
1. Show competence and familiarity with the writer’s topic.
2. Examine different perspectives and not just passively
accepting the writer’s claim.
3. Consider the topic, and make sure you are willing to
engage different viewpoints from your own.
4. Clarify your personal position on the topic.

Read example on page 21

Four elements or Argument
Expected Outputs (Week 2 Part 2) Module 6
• Use Quarter 4 Module 6 Formulating Evaluative Statements
• Lesson 1 Assertion
• Learning Task : What I Can Do (PT) Answer Letter A Only
A. Form an evaluative statement for every given text and label it
whether positive or negative depending on the focus of the evaluation.
(p.10-11)

• Lesson 2 Counterclaims
• Learning Task: What I Can Dot (PT) Overseas Heroes (See pp. 23-24)
 Module 7:
Determining Textual
Evidence
Textual evidence is defined as the
details given by the author in order to
support his/her claims. It reveals the
position of the writer and makes the
reading more interesting. Evidences are
details that strengthen, add variety or
weight to any argument.

Read Example on Page 9

• There are different ways on how you can present
textual evidence in your writings. It can be through
paraphrasing or restating the text in your own words,
through summarizing or stating in a shorter way the
text and other relevant details to support the idea,
through referencing or mentioning a specific section
in the text, and through quoting or directly restating a
part of the text.
Expected Outputs (Week 2 Part 3)Module 7
• Use Quarter 4- Module 7 Determining Textual Evidence

• Learning Task : Additional Activities (PT) Write a persuasive

paragraph on any topic that interests you. You may include either
your assertion or a counterclaim on your chosen topic and cite textual
evidences to support your opinion. (See p.19)