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What is ratio?
What is a
proportion?
Ratio
• A ratio is a comparison of two
quantities that have the same
units
• It can be expressed in fraction
form.
Example of Ratio:

18/ 5
18:5
18 is to 5
Proportion
• is a statement that two ratios or rates are equal.
• It can be given as a sentence in words, but most often
a proportion is an algebraic equation.
• Proportion can be written in the equation a : b = c : d.
 Example:
500 1

1500 3
Notice too that 500 . 3 = 1500 . 1. Two ratios are
equal if and only if their cross products are
equal. 500/1500= 1/3 if and only if a . d= b . c.
 Observe how the cross products are
constructed. The numerator on the left
side times the denominator on the right is
equal to the numerator on the right times
the denominator on the left.
 Example:
3 21
=
5 35
The arithmetic equation 3/5 = 21/ 35 is a proportion because
its cross products are equal.
3 × 35 = 105 and 5 × 21 = 105
Proportions are solved by using this cross-product rule.
Parts of Proportion
Extremes
and

Means
Extremes
The extremes are the outer part of the
proportion

a and d is the extremes

Means
The means are the inner part of the
proportion.

b and c are the means

How to solve ratio with a
missing term?
Note: Ratio cannot be solved if there are
different units.

Example:

=
Solution:
68 miles x miles

1 hour 3.5 hours
68  3.5  x 1
x 238 miles

The mile/hour is equal to the miles/ hour

so the two ratios are a proportion.
Word Problem
Involving
Ratio and
Proportion.
Word Problem
Alex wants to give a party for 60
people. She has a punch recipe that
makes 2 gallons of punch and serves 15
people.

Question:
How many gallons of punch should she
make for her party?
Things you should do in answering
the proportion:
1) Set up a ratio from the recipe: gallons of punch to the
number of people.
• 15 people / 2gallons

2) Set up a ratio of gallons to the people

• 60 people / x gallons

3) Set up a proportion
• 15 gallons / 2 people = 60 people / x gallons
Now let us solve…
* Like units should be across from each other

Solve using the cross multiplication formula

15 people / 2 gallons = 60 people / x gallons

2 X 60 = 120
120 ÷ 15 = 8
This means she should make 8 gallons of punch!