Historical Background of

Philippine Education

Japanese Period - Present

 Japanese Period
History Highlight – Death March
April 10, 1942

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 Japanese Period – Educational System

Japanese devised the curriculum Curriculum

◆ They introduced many changes in ◆ School calendar became longer
the curriculum by including ◆ No summer vacation for students
Nihongo and abolishing English as
◆ Deleted anti-Asian opinions,
medium of instruction and as a
banned the singing of American
subject
songs, deleted American
◆ All textbooks were censored and symbols, poems and pictures
revised
◆ This caused a blackout in the
Philippine education and impeded
educational progress
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 Japanese Period – Educational Programs

◆ Mandated the teaching of Philippine History

and Career Education to Filipino students, with
emphasis on the love of work and dignity of
labor
◆ Re-opening of elementary schools
◆ Re-opening of vocational schools
◆ Institutions of higher learning gives courses in
agriculture, fisheries, medicine and engineering
◆ Filipino children went to school to learn
Japanese songs and games

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 Japanese Period - Summary

Medium of Instruction

• Nihongo Language

Aims Education Types

• Eradicate old idea of • Nihongo language
Educational •
reliance on Western Vocational training
System •
nations Focus on agriculture
• Love of labor for higher education

Methods of Education
• Stressed dignity on
manual labor
• Emphasis is on
Vocational
Education
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 Third Republic
History Highlight – 3rd Philippine Republic
inaugurated at Luneta
July 4, 1946
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 Third Republic – Educational Programs

1. Manuel Roxas (1946 – 1948)

 Focused on the rehabilitation of the school
system which was in keeping with the policies
of the government
 80% of the schools were ruined; cost of
reconstruction: 126 million (annual deficit: P200
million)
 Executive Order #94 – (1947): Department of
Instruction to Department of Education

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 Third Republic – Educational Programs

2. Elpedio Quirino (1948 – 1953)

“Our educational policy must be reviewed and
revised for closer coordination with the objectives of
our proposed development program, without
sacrificing the traditional aim of providing a liberal
culture basic to good life. I hope that the joint
Education Committee of the Congress engaged in
this study will be able to evolve a revision of the
school system more adaptable to and in keeping with
our national requirements.”
-First State of the Nation Address, Jan. 24, 1949

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 Third Republic – Educational Programs

3. Ramon Magsaysay (1953 –1957)

 R. A 896 (June 10, 1953) – Elementary Education
Act of 1953. This new law restore Grade 7 which
was abolished by the Education Act of 1940.
 R.A 1124 (June 16, 1954)
- Created Board of National Education
- Senator Jose P. Laurel as chairman of the Board’s
Committee on Education
 R.A 1265 (June 11, 1955) – compulsory daily flag
raising ceremony
 R.A 1425 (June 12, 1956) – Rizal as a subject

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 Third Republic – Educational Programs

4. Carlos P. Garcia (1957 – 1961)

“No less are the strides made in public education. As
a measure of insuring effective instruction, the full-
day primary school session, which we had before the
implementation of the Commonwealth Act of 586,
has been restored and the maximum class size of 60
has been reduced to 40 pupils. The vernacular is now
being used as a medium of instruction in the first two
years of the primary grades, thereby promoting
optimum literacy…”

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 Third Republic – Educational Programs

4. Carlos P. Garcia (1957 – 1961)

“The secondary curriculum has been revised so as to
provide a common program of studies for the first
two years , after which the student is given the
option, with the help of a competent counsellor to
choose between a vocational course and a college
preparatory course. In the revised curriculum, more
science and mathematics are offered, in view of their
importance in present-day life and world progress.

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 Third Republic – Educational Programs

4. Carlos P. Garcia (1957 – 1961)

“The community school, which has been developed
after years of careful experimentation, has become
the pattern for our country, particularly in rural areas.
Because of the improvement that this type of school
has effected in the living conditions of the people in
the community, it has elicited favorable comments
from foreign educators who have observed how it
works…”

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 Third Republic – Educational Programs

4. Carlos P. Garcia (1957 – 1961)

“In line with the economic development program of the
administration, vocational education has been receiving
increased emphasis. Home industries are being fostered
as a means of enabling our people to have supplementary
source of income. All school divisions have organized
home industry centers which survey local raw materials
to be developed, train workers, standardizes products ,
and assist producers in marketing them.”
-First State of the Nation Address, Jan. 27, 1958

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 Third Republic – Educational Programs

5. Diosdado Macapagal (1961 - 1965)

“During the past year, 13, 000 new classes were opened
by the Department of Education on the elementary level
as compared to 10, 300 new classes opened during 1961.”

-Second State of the Nation Address, January 28, 1963

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 Third Republic – Summary

Educational Program Educational Practices

◆ Concept of academic freedom ◆ Moral Character
◆ Creation of scholarship in the arts, ◆ Vocational efficiency and
sciences and letters was for productivity
specially gifted citizens who
possess certain level of capability
for academic studies that are unable
to afford the cost of college
education

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 New Society
Ferdinand Marcos Regime

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 Fifth Republic
Highlight – A new constitution was ratified
on Feb. 2, 1987

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 Fifth Republic – Educational Programs

1. Corazon Aquino Administration (1986 – 1992)

 Executive Order 117 – Ministry of Education,
Culture, and Sports to Department of Education,
Culture and Sports (DECS)
 R.A 6655 (May 26, 1988) – Free Public Secondary
Educational Act of 1988
 R.A 7323 (February 3, 1992) – Special Program for
Employment of Students (SPES) during Christmas
break and summer vacation
 R.A 7722 (May 18, 1944) – CHED (former Bureau of
Higher Education)

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 Fifth Republic – Educational Programs

2. Joseph Ejercito Estrada (1998 – 2001)

 Executive Order No. 46 – Establishing the
Presidential Commission on Educational Reform
(PCER)

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 Fifth Republic – Educational Programs

2. Joseph Ejercito Estrada (1998 – 2001)

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 Fifth Republic – Educational Programs

2. Joseph Ejercito Estrada (1998 – 2001)

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 Fifth Republic – Educational Programs

3. Gloria Arroyo’s Administration (2001 – 2010)

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 Post-Edsa Republic – Educational Programs

3. Gloria Arroyo’s Administration (2001-

2010)
 Directed DepEd to build more classrooms
throughout the country especially in
remote barangays
 Restored English as a medium of
instruction due to reported declines in
English literacy among Filipinos

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 Fifth Republic – Educational Programs

3. Gloria Arroyo’s Administration (2001-2010)

Implementing the Basic Education Curriculum (BEC)
 The revised BEC has been implemented since June
2002 and now focusses on five learning areas:
English, Math, Science, Filipino and Makabayan
from the previous eight per grade level
 The teaching of Science and Mathematics has given
an extended time allotment from 300 minutes to 400
minutes per week

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 Post-Edsa Republic – Educational Programs

3. Gloria Arroyo’s Administration (2001 – 2010)

Mainstreaming Distance Learning

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 Fifth Republic – Educational Programs

3. Gloria Arroyo’s Administration (2001 – 2010)

Mainstreaming Distance Learning

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 Fifth Republic – Educational Programs

3. Gloria Arroyo’s Administration (2001 – 2010)

Launching the Internet-Based Program

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 Recent Years – Educational Programs

1. Benigno Aquino III (2010 – 2016)

 Reformed the basic education by establishing the K-
12 program
 The K-12 program increase the number of years of
compulsory education to thirteen years
 One year for kindergarten, six years of elementary
education, four years of Junior High School, and two
years of Senior High School education

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 Recent Years – Educational Programs

2. Rodrigo Roa Duterte (2016 - 2022)

 Approves the DepEd plan to raise the country’s
quality of education after the Philippines scored the
lowest among 79 countries in reading comprehension
 “Sulong Edukalidad” – a program which shall review
and update the k-12 curriculum, improve the learning
environment, upskill and reskill teachers and engage
stakeholders for support and collaboration

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 Thank You!

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