AMERICAN PERIOD

The American-Devised Curriculum

• The curriculum was based on the ideals and traditions of
American and her hierarchy of values
• English was the medium of instruction
• The primary curriculum prescribed in 1904 by the
Americans for the Filipinos consisted of three grades which
provides training in two aspects: a) Body Training that is
consist of singing, drawing, hard word and physical education
b) Mental Training that is compose of English (reading,
writing, conversation, phonetics and spelling), nature study
and arithmetic
 Educational System/ Curriculum
• In grade III geography and civic were added to the list of the subjects
• Intermediate Curriculum consisted of subjects such s arithmetic,
geography, science and English science, plant life, physiology and
sanitation
• Collegiate level, normal schools were opened with a teacher’s
training curriculum appropriate for elementary mentors. It’s aim was
to replace the soldiers and the Thomasites
• The curriculum organization remained separate subjects
• Group method of teaching was adopted
• A significant aspect of the American devised curriculum was the
prohibition of compulsory religious instruction in the public schools
 AMERICAN PERIOD Educational System/ Curriculum

Curriculum
• Primary education
• GMRC
• Civics
• Hygiene and Sanitation
• Geography
• Intermediate Curriculum
• Grammar and composition
• Reading, spelling
• Science courses
• Physiology • Intensive teaching of geography
 Educational Aims
• To teach democracy
• Separation of church and state AMERICAN Educational
Types
•Formal education
•First public school
•English language
•democracy Methods of Education
•Socialized recitation
•Participation •Debate •Game/playing Role of Teacher
•Teach concepts • Develop the rational mind (ex. Debates,
empirical evidences) Medium of Instruction English
 COMMONWEALTH PERIOD (1935- 1945)

Brief History
• The Commonwealth era is the 10 year transitional
period in Philippine history from 1935 to 1945 in
preparation for independence from the United States
as provided for under the Philippine Independence
Act or more popularly known as the Tydings-
McDuffie Law.
• The Commonwealth era was interrupted when the
Japanese occupied the Philippines in January 2, 1942.
•
• The Commonwealth era was interrupted when the
Japanese occupied the Philippines in January 2, 1942.
• The Commonwealth government, lead by Manuel L.
Quezon and Sergio S. Osmeña went into exile in the U.S.,
Quezon died of tuberculosis while in exile and Osmeña
took over as president.
• At the same time, the Japanese forces installed a puppet
government in Manila headed by Jose P. Laurel as
president. This government is known as the Second
Philippine Republic. On October 20, 1944, the Allied forces
led by Gen. Douglas MacArthur landed on the island of
Leyte to liberate the Philippines from the Japanese. Japan
formally surrendered in September 2, 1945.
History
• After liberation, the Commonwealth government was restored.
• Congress convened in its first regular session on July 9, 1945. It was
the first time the people’s representatives have assembled since their
election on November 11, 1941.
• Manuel Roxas was elected Senate President, and Elpidio Quirino was
chosen President Pro Tempore. Jose Zulueta was speaker of the house,
while Prospero Sanidad became speaker pro Tempore. The first law of
this congress, enacted as commonwealth act 672, organized the central
bank of the Philippines. The commonwealth deal also tackled the issue
of collaboration. In September 1945 the counter intelligence corps
presented the people who were accused of having collaborated with,
or given aid to, the Japanese. Included were prominent Filipinos who
had been active in the puppet government that the Japanese had been
established. ”A Peoples Court" was created to investigate and decide on
the issue.
• • Amidst this sad state of affairs, the third
commonwealth elections were held on April
23, 1946. Sergio Osmeña and Manuel Roxas
vied for the Presidency. Roxas won thus
becoming the last president of the Philippine
Commonwealth. The Commonwealth era
formally ended when the United States
granted independence to the Philippines, as
scheduled on July 4, 1946.
• Commonwealth Curriculum- Also known as
the period of expansion and reform in the
Philippine curriculum
•The curriculum for the training of elementary
school teachers was expanded by the Bureau of
Education by elevating it from the secondary
schools to the collegiate level, organizing eight
regional normal schools
 1935 Constitution COMMONWEALTH PERIOD (1935-1945)

• Article XIV Section 5. All educational

institutions shall be under the supervision of
and subject to regulation by the State. The
Government shall establish and maintain a
complete and adequate system of public
education, and shall provide at least free
public primary instruction, and citizenship
training to adult citizens
• Article XIV Section 5. All schools shall aim to
develop moral character, personal discipline, civic
conscience, and vocational efficiency, and to
teach the duties of citizenship. Optional religious
instruction shall be maintained in the public
schools as now authorized by law. Universities
established by the State shall enjoy academic
freedom. The State shall create scholarships in
arts, science, and letters for specially gifted
citizens.
Legal Mandates – Commonwealth Acts •Commonwealth
Act #1- preparatory military training shall begin in
Elementary grade school at age 10. This act was amended
by PD 1706 (August 8, 1980) requiring all citizens to render
civil welfare service, law enforcement service and military
service.
•Commonwealth Act #80- (October 26, 1936) established
the Office of Adult Education (vocational training in an
effort to eliminate illiteracy)
•Commonwealth Act#578 (June 8, 1940) conferred the
status of PERSONS IN AUTHORITY upon teachers
Legal Mandates – Commonwealth Acts
•Commonwealth Act #586 Education Act of 1940- reduction of
number of years in elementary (from 7 to 6), fixing school
entrance age 7 years old, national support of elementary
education, compulsory attendance in the primary grades for all
children enrolled in grade one, introduction of double single
session
•Commonwealth Act #589-(August 19, 1940) established school
rituals in private and public schools
•Act #2706- (November 13, 1935) an act making the inspection
and recognition of private schools and colleges obligatory for the
Secretary of Public Instruction
 Educational Practices
•“Filipino” language was used as the medium of
instruction.
•Vocational schools were made more similar in
curriculum to Academic schools
•Celebration of National Language Week every
August
Educational Aims
•Develop moral character •Civic conscience
•Vocational efficiency •Preparation for incoming
independence
Methods of Education
•Memorization •C.A.T. •Recitation •Socialized
recitation
Medium of Instruction
•Filipino language Role of Teachers •Promote
nationalism (values, moral character, personal
discipline)
 JAPANESE PERIOD
Brief History
• GEACPS (Greatest East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere)
- was an imperial propaganda concept created and promulgated for
occupied Asian populations during the first third of the Shōwa era
by the government and military of the Empire of Japan. Led by
Matsuoka Yosuke on August 1, 1940
• December 1941- Corregidor’s Malinta Tunnel
• January 7- February 8, 1942- Battle in Bataan
• January 1942- Philippine Executive Commission
• April 10, 1942- Death march
• March 1942- Battle in Corregidor
• May 1942- Surrendering of Japanese
 Educational System/ Curriculum
Japanese Devised Curriculum
• They introduced many changes in the curriculum by including
Nihongo and abolishing English as a medium of instruction and as
a subject
• All textbooks were censored and revised
• The Japanese-Devised curriculum caused a blackout in the
Philippine education and impeded the educational progress
Curriculum
•School calendar became longer •No summer vacation for
students •Class size increased to 60 •Deleted anti-Asian opinions,
banned the singing of American songs, deleted American symbols,
poems and pictures •Nihongo as a means of introducing and
cultivating love for Japanese culture.
 Educational System/ Curriculum JAPANESE
PERIOD
Educational Program
• June 1942, Military Order No.2- Mandated the teaching of
Tagalog, Philippine History, and Character education to
Filipino students, with emphasis on love for work and dignity
of labor • Re-opening of elementary schools • Re-opening of
vocational and normal schools • Institutions of higher learning
giving courses in agriculture, medicine, fisheries and
engineering • Japanese language is popularized to terminate
the use of English • Filipino children went to school to learn
Japanese songs and games • There was a strict censorship of
textbooks and other learning materials • The teachers were to
become condescending mouthpieces of Japanese propaganda
 Educational System/ Curriculum
Six basic principles of Japanese education
1. Realization of new order and promote friendly
relations between Japan and the Philippines to
the farthest extent 2. Foster a new Filipino
culture based 3. Endeavor to elevate the morals
of people, giving up over emphasis of materialism
4. Diffusion of the Japanese language in the
Philippines 5. Promotion of vocational course 6.
To inspire people with the spirit to love neighbor
 JAPANESE PERIOD
Educational Aims
•Eradicate old idea of reliance on western nations
•Love of labor
•Military training
Education Types
•Nihongo language •Vocational training •Health
education agriculture
Methods of Education
•Stressed dignity of manual labor •Emphasis voc. Ed.
Medium of Instruction •Nihongo language