Lecture 10: Physiology I

Learning Objectives

• Muscular Tissue & its types

• Functions of Muscular Tissue
• Properties of Muscular Tissue
• Skeletal Muscle Tissue
 Muscular Tissue
• Muscles make up 40-50%
of total body weight
• Muscular tissue take part
in motion
• Contributes to homeo-
stasis
• Play significant role in body
• Scientific Study of muscles
is known as Myology
Types of Muscular Tissue
• 3 types
1. Skeletal muscle
- Attaches to the skeleton
- Works mainly in a voluntary manner
2. Smooth muscle
- Found in hollow structures & organs
- Action is usually involuntary
3. Cardiac muscle
- Found only in heart
- Action is involuntary
 Characteristics of
Muscular Tissue types
• Skeletal: Make up 40% weight in men & 32%
in women
• Cardiac & Smooth: 10% weight
• 2 Categories
 Striated / Unstriated
- Cardiac & Skeletal: Striated
- Smooth: Unstriated
 Voluntary/ Involuntary
- Skeletal: Voluntary
- Cardiac & Smooth: Involuntary
 Functions of Muscular
Tissue
• 4 key functions through sustained
contraction
1. Producing body movements
2. Stabilizing body positions
3. Storing & moving
substances within
the body
4. Generating heat
 Properties of Muscular
Tissue
• 4 special properties
1. Electrical excitability
2. Contractility
3. Extensibility
4. Elasticity
 Class Task 1
(2 minutes)

What are the strongest and

weakest muscles in human
body?
 Skeletal Muscle
• Composed of muscle fibers
• Contains connective tissues, whole
muscles, blood supply and nerves
• Supports homeostasis
• Also important for other activities
(non-homeostatic)
 Connective tissue
components
• Hypodermis:(bottom layer of skin)
composed of connective and adipose
tissues(body fat).
• Fascia: connective tissue lining body
wall, limbs, supports & surround
muscles.
• 3 layers of connective tissues
1. Epimysium
2. Perimysium
3. Endomysium
 Nerve and Blood Supply
• Well supplied with nerves and blood
vessels.
• Somatic motor neurons(neurons that
are associated with skeletal or
striated muscle fibers) contract
muscles.
• Capillaries are plentiful in muscular
tissues.
• Muscle fibers synthesizes and uses ATP
during contraction.
 Microscopic anatomy of
Skeletal Muscle
• Muscle fibers arise from myoblasts(an embryonic precursor
cell that differentiates to give rise to the different
muscle cell types)
• Each fiber has hundreds of nuclei
• Nuclei are located beneath Sarcolemma (the plasma
membrane of the muscle cell )
• T-tubules are invaginations of Sarcolemma.(small tubules
which run transversely through a striated muscle fiber and
through which electrical impulses are transmitted)
• Sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm of muscle fiber.
 Microscopic anatomy of
Skeletal Muscle
• Muscle fiber contains myofibrils(any of the elongated
contractile threads found in striated muscle cells.)
• Sarcoplasmic Reticulum encircles myofibrils
- Terminal cisterns
• Myofilaments are smaller proteins within myofibrils.
 2 types of filaments
- Thin filaments composed of Actin
- Thick filaments composed of Myosin
 Class Task 2
(2 minutes)

What is the structural

organization of skeletal
muscle?
 Microscopic anatomy of
Skeletal Muscle
• Sarcomeres are functional units of
myofibrils.
• Myofibrils display alternating dark &
light bands
 Muscle Proteins
• Myofibrils are made up of 3 proteins
 Contractile
- Actin & Myosin
 Regulatory
- Troponin & Tropomyosin
 Structural
- Titin, myomesin, nebulin etc
 Video Animation
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X
oP1diaXVCI
 Key Takeaways..
• Types of muscular tissues
• Functions & Properties of
muscular Tissues
• Structure of skeletal muscle
• Muscle Proteins
 References
1. Principles of Anatomy and
Physiology, Tortora & Derrickson,
13th Edition @ 2011
2. Human Physiology: From Cells to
Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th
Edition @ 2014