School of architecture, building & design

Bachelor of science(hons) in architecture

ARC 60104 ADVANCE

ARCHITECTURE
CONSTRUCTION

Assignment 2
Construction Solutions

Project : Community garden in psj 2

Name : Lew yanwei 0343311
Tutor : Ar. Edwin chan yean leong

ARC 60104 ADVANCE ARCHITECTURE CONSTRUCTION 1

 Table of content
Pg 1 Community Garden USJ 2 Project
Pg 3 Project Introduction
Pg 4 Project Overview

Precedent Study
Precedent Study Methodology
Introduction to Project
Type of construction system
Materiality
Construction details and process
Advantages of system
Disadvantages of system
Pg 5
Justification of selected construction system

Pg 6-7 Roof
Pg 8- 9 Roof garden structure
Pg 10- 11 Floor
Pg 12- 13 Façade 1
Pg 14-15 Façade 2
Pg 16- 17 Structure
Pg 18 Building Plan
Pg 19 Ground Floor Plan
Pg 20 First Floor Plan
Pg 21 Façade scheme
Pg 22- 23 Bamboo Façade
Pg 24- 25 Cement vent block façade

Pg 26 reference

ARC 60104 ADVANCE ARCHITECTURE CONSTRUCTION 2

 Construction Solution- intro

Sunflower summit- intro

Design concept
Community centre About sunflower
Fluid façade design I choose the workshop as making sunflower oil. My plantation on the
My concept is to use Fluid façade design with curves to melt tier garden towards the roof top garden will be sunflower plantation.
with the surroundings hillside typology. Specifically I choose Royal Hybrid sunflower – This is a smaller plant,
which “only” reaches 7 feet tall, but which has a high seed productivity.
The nature & landscapes flows together with the building. It is
Royal hybrid sunflower is easy to grow and maintain. Sunflower will
design to soften the impact visually in the respect of
surrounding nature. bloom 3-4 times a year, after that we will need to replant it as new.

Why sunflower
As a garden for community, I wanted to chose something fun, something
Tier garden & roof garden you look at it and be happy. Even so during pandemic time. Sunflowers
are yellow; the color of joy, happiness and hope which helps in
improving mental health of the society. Sunflower looks beautiful and
I decide to utilize the Roof by using the roof as a garden. The positive.
garden helps the building hides in between trees on top of this
hillside.

The tier garden slopes helps to connect to the garden beside our
building. The tier garden helps to continuous the visual from the
park to the building.

Space, circulation& connection

The space is shaped by two circulation from the park to the

building, I want an unbroken visual connection flows through
the space from one end of the building to another.

ARC 60104 ADVANCE ARCHITECTURE CONSTRUCTION 3

 Construction Solution- building overview

Sunflower summit- building overview

A roundabout is create from the main driveway. On the left of the road it will be two parking space,
further on after the roundabout there are two oku parking along with five motorcycle parking for the
convenience of local residence. At the end there is a drop off area for Lorries and spaces for three point
turn. Because there will not be lots of cars going to the end of the road, it is construct to be single lane with
two directions also to maximize the building floor area. For the pedestrian circulation, the building have
three different entrance. People can also access the first floor by going through the main stairs at the main
entrance, stairs from the tier garden and a lift at the back.
The market, café and workshop will be using a vertically pivot bamboo frame. So whenever some bigger
events, people can actually turn the building into a whole larger space. Panels that open towards the park
can connects human to nature while providing overhang shades. Closure of the bamboo frames can also
provide safety to the space at night. Both the market and the community kitchen have a strip of opening
that frames the sunset during evening.
The water pump/ water storage room, gardening tools storage and ladies and gentlemen toilet is a
concrete structure at the back
There will be seating, walkway and planter box behind the building.

on to the first floor, the roof garden is shaped as the spaces below, the other floor area is not enclosed
which provide a 360 degree balcony that looks to the whole park and also the city as well. Some part of the
area is covered by steel pergolas that is partially shaded can use as café space or resting area while
harvesting the sunflower. This big roof space also use as drying the sunflower when harvesting. There are
different glass panels that provide sunlight onto the ground floor throughout the walkway.
The market and the community kitchen have openings that look up in the middle of the plantation boxes.
Down below people can actually see and enjoy the beauty of sunflower like they are inside the garden.
On the roof level there are two steel pergolas that are installed with solar panels to collect sunlight while
provides some shades to some of the roof garden areas.

ARC 60104 ADVANCE ARCHITECTURE CONSTRUCTION 4

 Construction Solution- precedent study

precedent study

Roof I precedent study facade I precedent study

Vinata Bamboo Pavilion by VTN Architects Bamboo Veil House by Wallflower Architecture + Design
Pg 6-7 Pg 12-13

Roof structure I precedent study

chempenai house by whbc Architects
Pg 8-9

facade I precedent study

Breeze Blocks House by Tamara Wibowo Architects
Floor I precedent study Pg 14-15
Office Building in Liestal by Christ & Gantenbein
Pg 10-11

facade I precedent study

House V by Daffonchio Architects
Pg 16-17

ARC 60104 ADVANCE ARCHITECTURE CONSTRUCTION 5

 Construction Solution- Roof Structure Scheme Proposal

roof I Vinata Bamboo Pavilion by VTN Architects

Architects: VTN Architects
Area: 225 m² Span of 38m pavilion welcomes guests at the entrance of The pavilion is comprised of 14 moduels and each one of
Year: 2018 the site. Guests can access the pavilion from the lobby them is shaped in the combination of two hyperbolic shell
location : Vietnam where they can enjoy the view of the garden and the pool. structures. The thin bamboo (Tam Vong), which measured
Contractor: VTN Architects Bamboo structure and bougainvillea hedge was created as a only 40 - 50 mm in diameters, are assembled by bamboo
Client: TAISEI CORPORATION + Daiwa House Industry gentle boundary between parking space and semi-private dowel nail and tightened by rope. Bamboo structure creates
Company garden. the shadows and it continues to corridor. Gently curved
Architect In Charge: Vo Trong Nghia, Takashi Niwa thatched roof protects guests from the strong sunlight in the
Design Team:Koji Yamamoto tall building.

ARC 60104 ADVANCE ARCHITECTURE CONSTRUCTION 6


roof I Vinata Bamboo Pavilion by VTN Architects
To note while using bamboo
• Bamboo has to be completely dry before using it
in construction
• Only use mature bamboo of 4-6 years.
• Bamboo has to be properly cured with a boron
mix immediately after harvesting.
• Do not use bamboo poles with profound
vertical cracks.
• Use appropriate cuts and joints when building
with bamboo
• Use bamboo with the right diameter and wall
thickness for your project.
• Do not use conventional wood nails in bamboo
joinery, they will cause the bamboo to split.
Construction Solution- Roof Structure Scheme Proposal
Bamboo joinery Bamboo structure
1. Joint with one or two ears. Is used Beams formed by 4 or 6 members. The top row is separated from the
bottom with bamboo or wood slats so that the upper bamboos do not
to join bamboo rafters, logs or
slide over the lower.
lumber.
2. Flap joint. Is used when there is no
Central double rafter. It has a wide range of applications in the
lashing wire available. The flap can
be secured with bamboo strips. construction of bridges and structures for rural facilities.
3. Fish mouth joint.
Lateral double rafter. Each of the rafters is secured independently
at the side support and each other.
ARC 60104 ADVANCE ARCHITECTURE CONSTRUCTION 7
 Construction Solution- Roof garden Structure Scheme Proposal

Roof garden structure I chempenai house by whbc Architects

As a concrete tropical box that embraces the lush jungle, the project was envisioned as an inward looking abode that safeguards its interior from
the tropical sun and rain while, at the same time, embraces the dense, natural floral enclave that the house sits within. Set in the tropics, we designed
a concrete egg-crate structure that envelopes the house to keep the heat out, but draws daylight in to create comfortable spaces within. The
perforated nature of this envelope allows the existing overgrowth to grow into the volume of the house, thus softening the boundary of inside and
outside. The egg-crate structure is built of in-situ concrete as a sun-filtering device at the depth of 900mm. The structure naturally allows daylight
to filter through but resists radiation.  Concrete fins of 150mm thickness reinforce the structure by framing openings of various sizes at a controlled
rhythm. This further facilitates the regulation of light intensity inside.

Architects: whbc Architects
Year: 2013
location : damansara heights, kl
Client: Private
Architect In Charge: ar. Ang boo chung, ar. Wen hsia ang
Design Team: whbc architects
ARC 60104 ADVANCE ARCHITECTURE CONSTRUCTION 8
 Construction Solution- Roof garden Structure Scheme Proposal

Roof garden structure I chempenai house by whbc Architects

characteristic
• Volume of concrete used while construction is very less compared to others

• The reinforcement provided in the waffle is in the form of mesh or individual bars

• Separate excavation in not needed, as it is already provided in the waffle slabs.

Precast concrete waffle slab • The bottom surface of slab which looks like waffle are produced / obtained by making use of cardboard panels or pods.

• The recommended thickness of slab is 85 to 100mm wile the overall depth is limited to 300 to 600mm and the width recommended is generally
Waffle slab which is also called as ribbed slab is a structural component varies between 110 to 200 mm.
which has a plain structure on top and grid like system on its bottom
• Reinforced waffle slabs can be constructed up to 16meters, if needed beyond this length, then prefabricated waffle slab is preferable.
surface. The top layer is normally thin and the bottom grid lines are generally
ribs which are placed perpendicular to one another with equal depth. All • Waffle slab requires less concrete and that is up to 70% and steel up to 80%.
these ribs are directed from column heads or beams and the depth of ribs is as
same as depth of column head or beam. Because of the ribs and double
reinforcement, these are more stable and recommended for larger span
benefits
slabs or foundations.
• Used for larger span slabs or floors • Robustness
• Load carrying capacity of waffle slab is greater than the • Excellent vibration control
other type of slabs • Thermal mass
• Provide good structural stability along wit aesthetic
appearance.
• Construction with waffle slab is easy and quick

ARC 60104 ADVANCE ARCHITECTURE CONSTRUCTION 9

• Good for services integration

Floor I Office Building in Liestal by Christ & Gantenbein
Architects: Christ & Gantenbein
Year: 2011
location : LIESTAL, SWITZERLAND
Manufacturers: Sulser AG
Construction Solution- floor Scheme Proposal
The striking six-storey retail and office building building occupies the triangular site between the station and the head office
of Basellandschaftliche Kantonalbank (BLKB). The constrictions of the site meant that the building’s footprint had to be
smaller than its upper storeys, resulting in a downward tapering shape, and the dark anthracite-coloured concrete conveys a
sense of robustness and stability at this dynamic location. The basic motif of the façade design results from the 2.65 m wide
grid used for the office design. The building façade is evenly divided into façade elements in dark fair-faced concrete, with
the width of each element being that of the office grid. The grid pattern was chosen to allow the floor space to be used for
different sized units, i.e. for individual, combined and open plan offices. The floor spaces are arranged around a central
services core and, with a depth of 7 to 10 m, provide the flexibility to accommodate a range of functions.
ARC 60104 ADVANCE ARCHITECTURE CONSTRUCTION 10

Floor I Office Building in Liestal by Christ & Gantenbein
Precast concrete hollow core slab
Hollow core slabs are precast slabs of pre-stressed concrete
typically used in the construction of floors in multi-storeys
residential, commercial, office, and industrial buildings. It is
also possible to use hollow core slabs in vertical or
horizontal installations as walls or noise barriers. The slab
has been especially popular in Northern Europe, where the
emphasis of home construction has been on precast concrete.
There are different types of hollow-core slabs. Usually, the
standard width is 1,200 mm.
Construction Solution- floor Scheme Proposal
Benefits of Precast concrete hollow core slab
Savings in concrete
• The precast concrete slab has tubular voids running the full length of the slab, making the slab much
lighter than a massive solid concrete floor slab of equal thickness or strength.
Long-lasting slab
• Pre-stressed hollow core slabs will not crack under service loads. This reduces deflections compared to
structures with reinforced concrete, because the entire hollow core slab section contributes to resisting the
loads. 
Freedom for individual design
• When a building with hollow core slabs is designed, the lightweight, long-span solution offers more
possibilities compared to traditional massive short-span slabs. When hollow core slabs are used in
residential buildings, the partition walls inside flats can usually be non-load bearing. 
Sound insulation for demanding requirements
• There are very high requirements for sound insulation in modern multi-storeys residential buildings in
many countries. Hollow core slabs meet this requirement well, especially against airborne sound
transmission. 
ARC 60104 ADVANCE ARCHITECTURE CONSTRUCTION 11
 Construction Solution- facade Scheme Proposal

1st Façade I Bamboo Veil House by Wallflower Architecture + Design

The Bamboo Veil House is a semi-detached house that sits on a bend in a street,
resulting in a triangular plot with a narrow frontage. The original house was purchased
by the owner many years ago and only minimal renovation had been done since then.
The ageing house needed upgrading and the time had come for a re-build to fulfil long
held desires and preferences. The owner started with simple brief - a minimalist
tropical house with a wide social space on the ground floor for family and friends to
gather. His family longed for a private yet modern tropical home that responds
to Singapore’s dense urban environment and tropical climate. He had also amassed
a large collection of art through the years from various continents and saw this as an
opportunity to well display them in the new house.

Architects: wallflower Architecture + design

Area: 680 m²
Year: 2019
location : Singapore The bamboo facade
Engineering : gce consulting engineers
Landscapes : nyee phoe garden pte ltd For an effective tropical response, the façade was designed as a double skin. The outer
skin comprises of the operable vertically-laid bamboo screen and serves both privacy
and solar protection functions. The inner skin is made up of aluminium-framed glass
windows, allowing for natural ventilation in an all-weather condition or closed for air-
conditioning on hot and humid days. The design offers flexibility for natural
ventilation without compromising privacy. The bamboo veil thus acts as both a
breathing façade and a privacy screen. Material-wise, the bamboo is locally sourced,
sustainable and eco-friendly. Bamboo is known for its light weight and high strength. It
is easy to install, replace or repair. 

ARC 60104 ADVANCE ARCHITECTURE CONSTRUCTION 12


1st Façade I Bamboo Veil House by Wallflower Architecture + Design
Bamboo facade
bamboo is increasingly being integrated into modern
buildings due to its lightness and flexibility.
Due to its rapid growth, the biomaterial is affordable,
rapidly renewable and able to sequester large amounts
of carbon from the atmosphere.
At the same time, researchers say its strength could make it
a sustainable substitute for traditional rebars as well as
creating structures that are resistant to natural disasters
such as earthquakes and hurricanes.
Construction Solution- facade Scheme Proposal
Benefits of Bamboo facade
• Non-polluting, it does not have any crusts or parts that can be
considered waste. Any part of bamboo which is not used is
Vertically pivot frame
recycled back into the earth as fertiliser or can be processed as
• The main technical difference to the usual hinged frame is that the hinge
bamboo charcoal. hardware is not placed on the side of the frame panel and thereby attached
• Light building material, it is circular and hollow, meaning that it
to the structure. By contrast, vertical pivot hinges are installed at the sides of
is easy to handle, transport and store. the frame. As they are supported by an arm and across the frame, the stress
• Fire resistant, it can withstand heats up to 4000 degrees celsius,
on the frame is reduced. This helps to prevent the frame from sagging.
due to its high value of silicate acid and water.
• Tensile strength, bamboo has a higher tensile strength than steel
because its fibres run axially.
ARC 60104 ADVANCE ARCHITECTURE CONSTRUCTION 13

2st Façade I Breeze Blocks House by Tamara Wibowo Architects
Architects: Tamara Wibowo Architects
Area: 180 m²
Year: 2020
Photographs: Arti Pictures
Manufacturers: Toto, Aluplus, BATA
GAPIT, Conwood, Ecofloor, Re-holz, Roman Ceramics
Architect In Charge:Tamara Wibowo
Design Team:Tamara Wibowo Architects
City:Semarang
Country: Indonesia
Construction Solution- facade Scheme Proposal
The house is located at the furthest edge of a matured residential neighborhood in a hilly area of Semarang,
Indonesia. The site is bordered by tall retaining walls that act as boundary of the neighborhood on two of its sides
along with wild vegetation behind them. The wall became the defining point of the early design process of the
project. Instead of covering the wall with the massing of the house, the house was built away from the wall creating
a small courtyard in-between the wall and the house.
The wall was then re-presented in a fresh way, as it became an important element that established the meaning of the inner courtyard. The courtyard was
further defined by the floating massing of the second floor that gave shelter to the back part of the courtyard creating a comfortable outdoor space that
feels like an indoor space at the same time.
The form of the house takes the shape of a steeply angled roof creating an A-frame with a secondary skin made out of custom-designed cement breeze
blocks as its façade along with protruded Corten frames around series of opening throughout the house. Besides acting as a passive cooling strategy, the
breeze blocks also served to reduce visual connection from outside to inside maintaining privacy within the house.
ARC 60104 ADVANCE ARCHITECTURE CONSTRUCTION 14
 Construction Solution- facade Scheme Proposal

2st Façade I Breeze Blocks House by Tamara Wibowo Architects

Benefits of Vent block facade

• Passive cooling.

• Natural ventilation.

• Natural air quality control.

• Cost-effective.
Ventilation block facade

Casting architecture is a unique process of creating the vision of architecture • High durability.
in a concrete structure. Casting architecture inspires design enthusiasts • Lightweight.
toward erecting futuristic ideas in cement and concrete, and enables the
further exploration and creative liberation of ideas beyond the limits of • Versatile design.
classical building methods. It also adds some excitement to those who want
to learn more about how things stack together. • Sustainable design approach.
An almost forgotten art, the Ventilation block has a long history as a
traditional building module in tropical regions. It provides climatic comfort,
protection and architectonic a continuous application of modules.

ARC 60104 ADVANCE ARCHITECTURE CONSTRUCTION 15


Structure I House V by Daffonchio Architects
Architects: Daffonchio Architects
Area: 1100 m²
Year: 2015
Photographs: Adam Letch, Mienkie Pinchen
Builder:Lukas van Niekerk
Structural Engineer:Len Nyenes
Landscape Design:Lukas & Wendy van Niekerk
Interior Design:Lukas & Wendy van Niekerk
Sculptural Artwork:Conrad Hicks
Architects:Daffonchio and Associates Architects
City:Centurion
Country: South Africa
Construction Solution- structure Scheme Proposal
This house in Monaghan Farm, an eco-estate in Lanseria, was principally shaped
around its natural context - it is situated on an undisturbed hill with Savannah grasslands
with an expansive view of beautiful rolling hills and a river below – as well as the ideas
and requirements of the clients.
concern for the relationship between nature and habitable space, as well as ideas
around occupying such a beautiful natural place, resulted in the search for an architectural
response of simplicity and sensitivity.
The house was conceptualized as a set of pavilions, separated by a series of courtyards
and green fingers that act as sheltered outdoor living spaces with glass corridors
connecting the various pavilions internally. The pavilions, with their deep overhangs, thin
roof slabs, and recessed floor-to-ceiling glass lines, create a horizontal profile, allowing
the house to sit unobtrusively within its surroundings.
ARC 60104 ADVANCE ARCHITECTURE CONSTRUCTION 16
 Construction Solution- structure Scheme Proposal

Structure I House V by Daffonchio Architects

Steel structure framing system

Steel structures are formed from a skeleton frame that

consist of vertical columns, horizontal beams 
and so on made from steel materials, riveted, welded or
bolted together, often in a rectangular grid. steel structure
are typically used for medium and high-rise, industrial,
warehouse and residential buildings.

Benefits of Vent block facade

• Resilience to earthquakes • Can be made to be exposed

and wind loading.
• Ease of 
• construction and deconstruction.
• Short construction time.
• Resistance to fire when treated.
• Can be used in combination with
other types of construction.
• High precision.
• Offsite fabrication.
• High ratios of strength to weight
and strength to volume.
• Narrow columns.

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 Construction Solution- Floor Plans

Floor plans

Ground Floor plan

Pg 19

first Floor plan

Pg 20

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 Construction Solution- ground floor plan

1. Entrance
2. Main Stairs
3. Tier Garden
F I 4. Stairs for tier garden
5. Planter Box along tier garden
H F
H

13 6. Pedestrian Walkway along tier garden

I
12 7. Ramp
11
15 16
7 J 8. Community Market
F 14 9. Community Kitchen/ Café
17
10. Water Collection Pond
7
G
11. Workshop/ Studio
J
17
10 12. Platform Lift
13. Storage
14. Water Storage & Water Pump Room
15. Men’s Washroom
16. Women’s Washroom
17. Common Area
9 8
17

A. Roundabout
B. Road
H

C. Parking
1
6
D. OKU Parking
2 5 E. Motorbike Parking
17
3 4
F. Planter box
F 7 B
G. Drop Off Area
C B
D E H. Pedestrian Walkway
C
F

F
I. Seating Areas
J. Zebra Crossing
A
F

ARC 60104 ADVANCE ARCHITECTURE CONSTRUCTION 19

 Construction Solution- first floor plan

1. Main Stairs
2. Frosted Tempered
7
Glass Light Well
2 7
5 3. Planter Boxes
3
4. Void for Water
Collection
2 5. Platform Lift
4
6. Laminated Glass
Light Well
2 7. Common Areas
8. Stair from tier
3
garden
3

3 8
2

3 6 1

ARC 60104 ADVANCE ARCHITECTURE CONSTRUCTION 20

 Construction Solution- façade design scheme

Façade design scheme

Bamboo facade
Pg 22- 23

Cement ventilation block

Pg 24- 25

ARC 60104 ADVANCE ARCHITECTURE CONSTRUCTION 21

 Construction Solution- bamboo facade

Façade scheme 1

bamboo
Bamboo as façade materials. The bamboos will vertically place onto a hollow steel
frame which can pivot open and close vertically to expand the space by a gearwheel
mechanism.

Some of the bamboo façade will be fixed because of columns in place and security
control. Natural materials help user feel more comfortable inside this environment.
right
Front elevation
Bamboo has a number of properties that make it an ideal building material:

1. Bamboo is fast-growing (a full harvest can be obtained after one to two years once
maturity is reached).

2. Bamboo is strong (it has higher tensile strength than steel).

3. Bamboo's a green material ( grow in tropical country) and cheap to replace.

front
4. Bamboo's light weight makes shipping inexpensive and construction easier.

right elevation

Bamboos are fixed on a aluminium frame which are also fixed on a aluminium structure. The bamboo “ door” can be
pivot vertically so that spaces can connects together. Also, this pivot door allow the building turn into a whole larger
space while there is an event.

ARC 60104 ADVANCE ARCHITECTURE CONSTRUCTION 22

 Construction Solution- bamboo facade

Bamboo pivot frame (vertical)

Bamboo to metal frame

Bolts to join Bamboo to metal frame

The bamboos

Pivot rotating shaft

Anchor beams for bamboos

Aluminium frame

In construction, the aluminium frame will be prefabricated off site.

Bamboos are collected and cut into precise length of 3.8 m. the bamboo
Some of the bamboos are fixed right onto the metal structure so it Building a bamboo wall
will then bolt onto the frame work like a bamboo wall.
cannot moved

Reference of manual vertical pivot frame

The pivot frame is design to be manually open by people. The

mechanism include a shaft, gear, gearwheel and a pulling string. If
the pulling strength is too great, it can be reduced by adding gear.

There will be a anchoring hock at the bottom to tied the string

This section shows the frame open vertically

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 Construction Solution- cement ventilation block facade

Façade scheme 2

Cement vent block

Cement vent block as alternative façade materials. Vent block provide good
ventilation. It is also a light weight construction and cheaper in construction fees as
well.
right

Benefits of cement vent blocks

-Passive cooling.
-Natural ventilation.
-Natural air quality control.
-Cost-effective.
-High durability.
-Lightweight.
front
-Versatile design.
-Sustainable design approach.

Front elevation

Cement vent blocks are support on a aluminium frame

which are also fixed on a aluminium structure. It is well
ventilated and blends the design become more subtle.

24
right elevation
ARC 60104 ADVANCE ARCHITECTURE CONSTRUCTION
 Construction Solution- cement ventilation block facade

Façade scheme 2

Cement vent block arranging method

Cement vent block arranging in layers horizontally in order to minimize the

weight load onto supporting structure. Wet cement are used to strengthen
cement blocks together but only for non-load bearing structure.

Support Structural section

I will use I beam and h column as supporting structure for the cement vent
blocks. It is rigid enough to take the weight load from the blocks. The joinery
must consider expanding of steel material.

steel Support Structural

Cement vent block

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reference
• https://www.archdaily.com/962225/roofing-systems-for-bamboo-buildings

• https://www.archdaily.com/909615/vinata-bamboo-pavilion-vtn-architects

• https://precastbloks.com/2020/09/14/overview-of-the-waffle-wall-building-system/

• https://www.homa2u.com/stories/ventilation-blocks-malaysia/

• https://www.archdaily.com/778809/chicken-point-cabin-olson-kundig

• https://modernsteeldoors.com/how-does-a-pivot-door-work/

• https://www.guaduabamboo.com/blog/joining-bamboo

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5503042/

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