Electronic Engineering

SV ME

DECODERS
 INTRODUCTION TO DECODERS
• What are Decoders?
• A decoder is a digital combinational logic circuit which can convert one
form of digital code into another form.
• Decoders are digital ICs which are used for decoding.
In other words, the decoders decrypt or obtain the actual data from the
received code, i.e.
convert the binary input at its input, to a form, which is reflected at its
output.
• It consists of n input lines and 2^n output lines. 

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 BCD to 7-segment display decoder

• BCD to 7-segment display decoder is a special decoder which can

convert binary coded decimals into another form which can be easily
displayed through a 7-segment display.

• BCD stands for binary coded decimal. It is a digital numbering system in

which we can represent each decimal number using 4 bits of binary
numbers. Therefore, decimal digits from 0-9 can be represented in 4
binary digits, that is in BCD, decimal number 10 and above can not be
represented in only 4 digits, so in this case we have to use 4 + 4, i.e 8
binary digits, for eg to represent decimal 10 = BCD 0001 0000,
dec 11 = 0001 0001 in BCD & dec 12 = 0001 0010 in BCD and so on.
For eg 4 = 0100 in BCD, also 7 = 0111 in BCD & so on.

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There are 10 digits in the decimal system(0-9). To represent all 10 digits we need

10 combinations of 4 binary bits

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Introduction to Seven Segment Displays
Most often Seven-Segment Displays are used
to display the digits in digital watches,
calculators, clocks, measuring instruments and
digital counters, etc.

Typically 7-segment displays consist of seven

individual coloured LED’s called the ‘Segments’,
within one single display package.
 Seven Segment Displays

• A standard 7-segment LED display generally has 8 input connections,

one for each LED segment and one that acts as a common terminal or

connection for all the internal display segments.

• Some single displays also have an additional input pin to display a

decimal point in their lower right or left hand corner.

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 TYPES OF 7 SEG DSPLYS
• Common Cathode
• In such type of 7-segment display, all the cathodes of the 7 LEDs are
connected together to form a common terminal. It should be connected to
GND or logic ‘0’ during its operation.

• To illuminate any LED of this display, you need to supply logic ‘1’ to its
corresponding input pin (that is its Anode pin).

• Common Anode
• In such type of 7-segment display, all the anode terminals of 7 LEDs are
connected together to form common anode terminal. This terminal should
be connected with Vcc or logic ‘1’ during its operation.

• To illuminate any LED of this display, you need to supply logic ‘0’ to its
corresponding input pin (that is its cathode pin).
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Common Cathode & Anode
Displays

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7-Segments or 7 LEDs in a Display

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Table showing which segment must be ON to
display which number

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 7 Segment Decoder
• Table Digit Inputs Output

N D C B A a b ... g
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
2 0 0 1 0 1 1 1
3 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
4 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
5 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
6 0 1 1 0 1 0 1
7 0 1 1 1 1 1 0

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BCD to 7-Segment Decoder Circuit
BCD inputs

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 BCD to 7-Segment Decoder IC & Pin outs

The commonly used IC for BCD to 7-segment decoding is 7447. The pin
configuration of 7447 is given in the figure below.

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 Encoders
• What are Encoders? An Encoder is a
combinational circuit that performs the reverse
operation of Decoder. It consists of 2^n input
lines and n output lines

• Encoders are digital ICs used for encoding. By

encoding, we mean generating a digital binary
code for every input.

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 Encoders
• What are Encoders?
• Encoders are digital ICs used for encoding. By
encoding, we mean generating a digital binary
code for every input. An Encoder IC generally
consists of an Enable pin which is usually set
high to indicate the working. It consists of 2^n
input lines and n output lines with each input
line being represented by a code of zeros and
ones which are reflected at the output lines.
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 Decoders
• What are Decoders?
• Decoders are digital ICs which are used for
decoding. In other words, the decoders decrypt or
obtain the actual data from the received code, i.e.
convert the binary input at its input to a form, which
is reflected at its output. It consists of n input lines
and 2^n output lines.  A decoder can be used to
obtain the required data from the code or can also be
used for obtaining the parallel data from the serial
data received.
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 MULTIPLEXER

• Other Names;
i) MUX
ii) Data Selector
iii) Electronic Rotary Switch
iv) One package Solution for Logic Problem

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 Multiplexer
• Multiplex means ‘many into one’
• Multiplexing is the method of transmitting a
large number of information over a small
number of channels or lines and a Digital
Multiplexer is a combinational Logic circuit
that selects binary information from one of the
many input lines and directs it to a single
output line.

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 MULTIPLEXER

• Multiplexer is an electronic circuit that has

maximum of 2ⁿ Data inputs, ‘n’ Control inputs
(or selection lines) and single Output.
By the help of control inputs any one of the
data inputs can be selected at a time and
whatever the data, logic or signal applied on it
can be transferred to the output

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 MULTIPLEXER
• ‘MUX’ is the short name of Multiplexer
• As data from several sources can be applied to the inputs of
MUX and only one of them can be selected and routed to the
out, it’s also called as ‘Data Selector’
• It’s function is like a mechanical rotary switch where among
multiple positions any one can be selected by rotating the
switch to that position, that’s why is also known as ‘Electronic
Rotary Switch’
• A single MUX IC can replace a logic circuit made up of
multiple I.Cs, that is why it is given the name ‘One Package
solution of Logic Problem’

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MULTIPLEXER BLOCK DIAGRAM

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 Selection Table
of a 4 x 1 MUX
Control or Selection O/P
Inputs
S1 S0 Y
0 0 I0
0 1 I1
1 0 I2
1 1 I3
 Block diagram of 8x1 Multiplexer
by using two 4x1 MUX & a 2x1 MUX

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 Selection Table
of a 8 x 1 MUX
When S2 is 0 lower MUX (say MUX 0) is selected) &
When S2 is 1 upper MUX (say MUX 1) is selected.
So if S2 is 0 and S0 & S1 have 00 inputs then Input I0 comes on
output and so on. O/P
Control or Selection Inputs
S2 S1 S0 Y
0 0 0 I0
0 0 1 I1
0 1 0 I2
0 1 1 I3
1 0 0 I4
1 0 1 I5
1 1 0 I6
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MULTIPLEXER CIRCUIT

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 MULTIPLEXER CIRCUIT
• 2 x 4 MUX (Matrix)
• This equation can be implemented in form of Gates as shown

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74150 IC 16 x 1 MUX Internal Circuit

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