ENERGY

Table of Contents
• How is work, power and energy related?
• What is energy?
– 2 types
• Kinetic
• Potential
– 2 types
» Gravitational
» Elastic
 Work, Power and Energy
• What is WORK?
– Work is done on an object when the object moves in the
same direction that the force was applied.
• Lifting your book bag
• Work= Force (N) x Distance (m)
– 1Nm = 1J

• What is POWER?
– The rate at which work is done.
• Running vs walking with your book bag
• Power= work (J) / time (s)
– 1J/s = 1W
 Work, Power, Energy
• Energy: The ability to do work or cause a
change.
– Whenever work is done energy is transferred to
that object.
– Power is the rate at which the energy is transferred.

• What do YOU think the unit for energy is?

JOULES YAY!
 Two Types of Energy
1. Kinetic Energy
2. Potential Energy
 Kinetic Energy
• “The moving energy”
 Kinetic Energy
• Kinetic Energy increases as mass and velocity
increase
Kinetic Energy
 Kinetic Energy
• Velocity is squared
– Would velocity have the same, less or more of a effect than
mass on the kinetic energy of an object?

MORE
 Kinetic Energy Example
• 1. Determine the kinetic energy of a 625-kg roller coaster car
that is moving with a speed of 18.3 m/s.

• 2. If the roller coaster car in the above problem were moving

with twice the speed, then what would be its new kinetic
energy?
• An object can have energy even when its not
moving!
– Stored energy based off of the objects shape or
position
 Potential Energy
• Energy is stored or held in readiness
– Book on your desk
– Apple hanging from a tree
– Pulling back a rubber band

• If the apple stays in the tree, it will keep the

stored energy due to its height above the ground.
• If the apple falls, that stored energy of position is
converted to energy of motion.
 Types of Potential Energy
1. Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE)
2. Elastic Potential Energy
 Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE)

• GPE: The potential energy related to an

objects position above earths surface.
– Lifting your book on top of your desk = the work
you did to lift it
• Distance the book was moved: height
• Force you used to lift it: weight
 Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE)

• Gravitational Potential Energy increases as

weight and height increase.
 Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE)
• To calculate GPE use this equation.

• On Earth the acceleration of gravity is

9.8 m/s2 and has the symbol g (in this equation)
 Changing Gravitational Potential Energy
(GPE)
• The Gravitational potential energy of an object
can be increased by increasing the height.
• If the objects are at the same height then
what?
– The object with the larger mass would have more
gravitational pull.
 Elastic Potential Energy
• Elastic Potential Energy: potential energy
associated with objects that can be stretched
or compressed.
– Pulling back a rubber band
– Winding up a toy
 Elastic Potential Energy
• The rubber band has elastic potential energy
here because it has been stretched and is
storing its energy.
• If you let the rubber band go, it sails across the
room.
– As it flies through the air it has kinetic energy due
to its motion.