VEER CHANDRA SINGH GARWALI

UTTARAKHAND UNIVERSITY OF
HORTICULTURE & FORESTRY

B.Sc. Agriculture, 4th year(1st sem )

2022-2023
 RURAL AGRICULTURAL WORK EXPERIENCE & AGRO
INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT

COURSE CODE – RAWE & AIA-421

COMPONENT- PLANT HEALTH CLINIC

TOPIC- NUTRIENTS DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS & THEIR

MANAGEMENT KHARIF CEREALS
Presented By-
Akshat Negi
Id- 19118
 CONTENTS
 Nutrient deficiency symptoms & their management in :-

 Rice

 Pearl millet

 Maize

 Sorghum

 Finger millet
 1. RICE

1.  Nitrogen (N):-

i. Deficiency Older leaves or whole plants become yellowish green.

ii. Old leaves and sometimes all leaves become light green & chlorotic at the tip.

iii. Entire field may appear yellowish.

Management:-

i. Apply available organic materials (farmyard manure, crop residues, compost) on soils containing
a small amount of organic matter.

ii. Apply 40−50 kg N/ha as inorganic fertilizer for every ton of additional grain yield over yield
without N. 

iii. Crop rotation with leguminous crop will improve nitrogen content in soil.
2. Phosphorus (P):-

i. Its Deficiency causes Stunted plants,

ii. It reduce tillering, older leaves are narrow, short, very erect, and has a "dirty" dark green color &
stems are thin and spindly and plant development is retarded.

Management:-

iii. Growing of green manures or application of FYM @15-20 t/ha repeatedly.

iv. In case of acute  P deficiency as in hills, application of Rock Phosphate @ 5q/ha once in three years.
3. Potassium(k):-
i. Potassium (K) Deficiency cause Dark green plants with yellowish brown leaf margins.
ii. Dark brown necrotic spots appearing first on the tip of older leaves & yellow stripes may appear along
leaf intervein.
iii. Lower leaves may bend downward.

Management:-
iv. Adequate soil application of K (40-60 kg ha-1).
v. Split application of applied K (2-3 times) is recommended for rice varieties/ hybrids / coarse textured
sandy soils.
vi. Rice straw containing 1.5 –2.5 % of water soluble K (being in ionic form) is a good source to maintain
soil K status in intensely cultivated soils.
4. Boron(B):-
i. Deficiency Lack of Boron affects the plant's biological processes.
ii. This can cause rolled leaves, death of growing points, reduced plant height, and even inability to produce
panicle.

Management:-
iii. Manage water efficiently. Avoid excessive leaching or draining of water. B is very mobile in flooded rice
soils.
iv. Where possible, apply slow-acting B sources (e.g., colemanite) at intervals of 2−3 years. B fertilizers have
a longer residual effect in silty and clayey soils (apply 2−3 kg B ha -1) than in sandy soils (apply 3−5 kg B
ha-1).
5. Iron (Fe):-
i. Deficiency leads to Interveinal yellowing and chlorosis of emerging leaves.
ii. Whole leaves become chlorotic and then very pale and entire plant becomes chlorotic and dies.

Management:-
iii. Apply waste materials from mining and other industrial operations provided that they do not contain other
pollutants at toxic concentrations.
iv. Use acidifying fertilizers (e.g., ammonium sulfate instead of urea) on high-pH soils.
v. Use fertilizers containing Fe as a trace element.
6. Copper (Cu):-
i. Deficiency leads to Chlorotic streaks on either side of the midrib.
ii. Dark brown necrotic lesions on leaf tips, bluish green and chlorotic streaks near the leaf tip and rolling of
new leaves.

Management:-
iii. Soil application of 10-20 kg CuSO4/ha (25% Cu) at 3 year interval is recommended for Cu deficient soils.
iv. In addition CuO (60-80% Cu), Cu frits (3.7%) and Cu chelates (Cu EDTA) have been successfully used
on rice.
v. Dipping seedling roots in 1% CuSO4 suspension for an hour is also recommended for rice.
7. Calcium(ca):-
i. Calcium (Ca) deficiency impairs root function and predisposes plant to iron toxicity.
ii. It causes stunting and death of growing points.

Management:-
iii.  Application of lime to upland acidic soils @ 0.5-1.5 t/ha and gypsum at 4-5 t ha-1 to sodic soils.
8. Magnesium(mg):-
i. Magnesium Deficiency can cause Orange-yellow interveinal chlorosis on older leaves.
ii. Plants pale-colored with interveinal chlorosis, first appearing on older leaves and later on younger leaves.

Management:-
iii.  Apply Mg-containing fertilizers. Rapid correction of Mg deficiency symptoms is achieved by applying a
soluble Mg source such as kieserite or Mg chloride.
iv. Foliar application of liquid fertilizers containing Mg (e.g., MgCl2 2%)
9. Sulfur(S):-
i. Yellowing or pale green color of the whole plant, young leaves are chlorotic or light green colored with
the tips becoming necrotic, lower leaves does not show necrosis and leaves are paler yellow.

Management:-
ii.  Use of S containing amendments like gypsum, phopshogypsum, pyrites, organic manures, crop residues
as part of INM.
iii. Provision of adequate drainage is useful in alleviating S deficiency.
iv. For moderate S deficiency apply 10 kg S ha-1 application of 20-40 kg S ha-1
10. Zinc(Zn):-
i. Dusty brown spots on upper leaves of stunted plants.
ii. Leaves lose turgor and turn brown as brown blotches.
iii. Streaks appear on lower leaves, enlarge, and coalesce and leaf blade size is reduced.

Management:-
iv. Application of 5 kg ZnSo4 to normal soil and 20 kg Zn initially for sodic soils to satisfy high Zn fixation
capacity for every three crop seasons.
v. In affected crop, foliar spray of 0.5 % ZnSO4 thrice starting from third week as a mid-season corrective
measures helps realize full potential yields.
vi. Amelioration of sodic soils using gypsum @ 3-4 t ha-1 in combination with organic/ green manures
brings down the soil pH concomitantly increased Zn availability.
 2. Pearl millet
1. Nitrogen(N):-
i. Little new growth, yellow leaves, this being more pronounced in older leaves and leaf drop.
ii. Plants stunted, spindly pale yellow or deep yellow color near the tips and margins progresses
towards the base, heads small, seed numbers reduced.

Management:-
iii. Apply 8-10 Kg N / acre as top dressing or foliar spray of urea @ 2-3 percent.
2. Phosphorus (P):-

i. Small root systems; grain filling inhibited. Growth stunted, spindly, dark green / purple leaves with
dark red coloration.

ii. Leaf sheaths bend upward with red coloration leaf. Leave appear to be erect and leathery. Roots turn
dark brown purple or black.

Management:-
iii. foliar spray of 2% DAP 2-3 sprays at an interval of 15 days.
3. Potassium(k):-

i. Deficiency first seen on older leaves. Irregular necrotic patterns intermingled with red pigmentation.
ii. Streaked patterns on the interveinal tissue, symptoms at tips and margins move towards the base.

Management:-
iii. foliar spray of KCl @ 1%
4. Sulfur(S):-
i. Deficiency appears first on younger leaves.
ii. New growth is pale yellow.

Management:-
iii.  foliar spray of CaSO4 @ 2%
5. Calcium(ca):-
i. Deficiency Symptoms Plants stunted.
ii. Young leaf tips stick together form sword-like projections.
iii. Serrated leaf edges, leaves brittle, brown, sticky near margins and turn brown.

Management:-
iv. Correction Measure Foliar application of CaSO4 2% twice
6. Iron (Fe):-
i. Iron Deficiency Symptoms Deficiency appears first in newly emerging leaves.
ii. Interveinal tissue turns pale yellow with green veins chlorotic pattern uniformly leaves turn yellow or
white.
iii. Newly formed leaves exhibit chlorotic symptoms.

Management:-
iv. Soil application of 20-25 Kg FeSO4 or foliar spray of 1% FeSO4 at weekly interval.
7. Zinc(Zn):-
i. Deficiencies first in the younger leaves.
ii. Emerging leaves uniformly pale green. Chlorosis staring at the base progressive toward the tip. Bleached
white patches on the leaves.
iii. Older leaves have yellow streaks or chlorotic striping between veins.

Management:-
iv. Correction Measure Soil application of ZnSO4 20-25 Kg/ha or foliar spray of ZnSO4 0.5%
8. Copper (Cu):-
i. Younger leaf tips turn brown roll up and break.

Management:-
ii. Correction Measure Foliar spray of CuSO4 0.2%
 3. MAIZE
1.Nitrogen (N):-

i. Chlorosis occurs in older leaves • Appearance of golden yellow colour near the tips •
Margins progresses both side.

Management:-

ii. Correction Measure • Foliar spray of 0.5% urea (5 g /lit) for twice at 10 days interval.
2. Phosphorus (P):-

i. Stunted plant growth and occurrence of pink Pigmentation in the older leaves. Correction Measure
Foliar spray of DAP 2%. 

Management:-

ii. Correction Measure Foliar spray of DAP 2%. 

3. Potassium(k):-

i. Deficiency occurs in older leaves.

ii. Irregular necrotic patterns intermingled with red pigmentation.
iii. Streaked patterns on the interveinal tissue symptoms at tips and margins move towards the base.

Management:-
iv. Correction Measure Foliar spray of KCl 1%
4. Calcium(ca):-
i. Young leaf tips stick together form sword-like projections.
ii. Serrated leaf edges, leaves brittle, brown, sticky near margins and turn brown.

Management:-
iii. Correction Measure Foliar application of CaSO4 2% twice 
5. Magnesium(mg):-
i. Deficiency appear first on older leaves, irregular necrotic spots on tips and margins.
ii. Leaves become brittle and turn brown.

Management:-
iii.   Correction Measure Foliar spray of MgSO4 2%.
6. Sulfur(S):-

i.  Deficiency appears in upper leaves and emerging leaves appear as pale yellow.

Management:-
ii. Correction Measure Foliar spray of MgSO4@1%

7. Boron(B):-
iii. Apical growing points stop developing leaves thick brittle and irregular chlorosis.

Management:-
iv. Correction Measure Foliar spray of Borax 0.5 % at fortnightly intervals.
 
8. Iron (Fe):-
i. Deficiency appears first in newly emerging leaves. Interveinal tissue turns pale yellow with green veins
chlorotic pattern uniformly leaves turn yellow or white. The entire crop show bleached appearance.
Management:-
ii. Correction Measure Soil application of 20-25 Kg FeSO4 or foliar spray of 1% FeSO4 at weekly interval 

9.copper(Cu):-
iii.  Younger leaf tips turn brown roll up and break
Management:-
iv. Foliar spray of CuSO4 @ 0.2%.
10. Zinc(Zn):-
i. Emerging leaves uniformly pale green.
ii. Chlorosis staring at the base progressive toward the tip.
iii. Margins with distinct red line. Bleached white patches on the leaves.

Management:-
iv. Correction Measure - Soil application of ZnSO4 20-25 Kg/ha or foliar spray of ZnSO4 0.5%
 4.SORGHUM
1.Nitrogen (N):-

i. Plants stunted, spindly pale yellow or deep yellow color near the tips and margins
progresses toward the base heads small seed numbers reduced.

Management:-

ii. Correction Measure Foliar spray of Urea 1% or DAP 2%

2. Phosphorus (P):-

i. Small root systems; grain filling inhibited.

ii. Growth stunted, spindly, dark green leaves with dark red coloration.

iii. Leaf sheaths bend upward with red coloration leaf. Leave appear to be erect and leathery.

iv. Roots turn dark brown purple or black.

Management:-

v. Correction Measure- Foliar spray of DAP 2% 2-3 sprays. 

3. Potassium(k):-

i. Deficiency first seen on older leaves.

ii. Irregular necrotic patterns intermingled with red pigmentation.
iii. Streaked patterns on the interveinal tissue symptoms at tips and margins move towards the base.

Management:-
iv. Correction Measure- Foliar spray of KCl 1%
4. Calcium(ca):-
i. Plants stunted. Young leaf tips stick together form sword-like projections.
ii. Serrated leaf edges, leaves brittle, brown, sticky near margins and turn brown.

Management:-
iii. Correction Measure - Foliar application of CaSO4 2% twice 
5.Magnesium(Mg):-
i. Deficiency appear first on older leaves irregular necrotic spots on tips and margins.
ii. Deep red color on leaves become brittle, turn brown

Management:-
iii. Correction Measure Foliar spray of MgSO4 2%
6. Sulfur(S):-
i.    Sulphur Deficiency Symptoms Deficiency appears in upper leaves. Emerging leaves pale yellow.
Management:-
ii. Correction Measure Foliar spray of CaSO4 2% 

7. Boron(B):-
iii. Apical growing points stop developing leaves thick brittle and irregular chlorosis.
Management:-
iv. Correction Measure Foliar spray of Borax 0.5 % at fortnightly intervals
8. Iron (Fe):-
i. Deficiency appears first in newly emerging leaves. Interveinal tissue turns pale yellow with green veins
chlorotic pattern uniformly leaves turn yellow or white.
Management:-
ii. Correction Measure Soil application of 20-25 Kg FeSO4 or foliar spray of 1% FeSO4 at weekly interval

9.copper(Cu):-
iii.  Copper Deficiency Symptoms Younger leaf tips turn brown roll up and break.
Management:-
iv. Correction Measure Foliar spray of CuSO4 0.2%
10. Zinc(Zn):-
i. Zinc Deficiency Symptoms Deficiencies first in the younger leaves.
ii. Emerging leaves uniformly pale green. Margins with distinct red line.
iii. Bleached white patches on the leaves.

Management:-
iv. Correction Measure Soil application of ZnSO4 20-25 Kg/ha or foliar spray of ZnSO4 0.5%
11. Manganese:-
i.  Manganese Deficiency Symptoms Deficiency appears first in younger leaves.
ii. Leaves pale colour in a streaked pattern and long narrow lesions on leaves.

Management:-
iii. Correction Measure Foliar spray of MnSO4 0.2%
 5. Finger millet
1. Nitrogen:-

i. Older leaves become light green and chlorotic at the tip.

ii. Leaves die under severe stress. The entire field may appear yellowish and stunted growth of
plants Nitrogen deficiency often occurs at critical growth stages such as tillering and panicle
initiation, when the demand for N is large.

Management:-

iii. Correction measures Urea 2% foliar spray at 40 and 50 days after sowing increased the grain
yield of Ragi Finger millet
2. Phosphorus (P):-

i. It occurs throughout the growth cycle of the crop. In the initial stages, red or purple discoloration
appear on the leaves.

ii. In severe cases, the plants shows stunting, reduced tillering, poor root development and early
flowering

Management:-

iii. Correction measures Application of Farm yard manure @ 12.5 ton/ha Apply optimum dose of
phosphatic fertilizers ( 30 to 40 Kg/ha) at the time of sowing
3. Potassium(k):-

i. First appear as pale to lemon-yellow margins on older leaves.

ii. Browning followed by necrosis of leaf margins denotes an increase in severity of the deficiency.

Management:-
iii. Correction measures Foliar spray of Poatssium chloride 1%

4. Calcium(ca):-
iv.  Calcium Deficiency symptoms Necrosis along the lateral margins of leaves
v. Old leaves turn brown and die Stunting and death of growing points

Management:-
vi. Corrective Measures Apply CaCl2 or Ca containing foliar sprays for rapid treatment of severe Ca
deficiency.
vii. Apply gypsum in Ca-deficient high pH soils, e.g., on sodic & high K soils.
5. Magnesium(Mg):-
i.  Magnesium Deficiency symptoms The Mg-deficient leaves show advanced interveinal chlorosis, with
necrosis developing in the highly chlorotic tissue

Management:-
ii. Corrective Measures Application of soluble Magnesium source such as Magnesium chloride.
iii. Foliar application of Mgcl2 @ 2%

6. Sulfur(S):-
iv.    Sulphur Deficiency symptoms Yellowing or pale green whole plant Young leaves chlorotic or light
green coloured with the tips becoming necrotic
Management:-
v. Correction measures Incorporate straw instead of completely removing or burning it. About 40-60% of the
S contained in straw is lost during burning
vi. Applying 15-20 kg S ha-1 gives a residual effect for two subsequent ragi crops
 REFERENCES

 Deficiency in millets (slideshare.net)

 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343934656_TB1_2013_Nutrient_Deficiency_sy
mptoms_in_Maize

 https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/expert_system/paddy/nutrientmanagement.html

 http://riceportal.in/research-domain/rice-vocs/potassium-deficiency

 https://www.slideshare.net/BenjaminLagaday/nutrient-deficiency-symptoms-of-rice-oryza-
sativa
THANK
YOU