 smart cities

:are a dream that every country desires

  Introduction
 “Smart city” is a term used to describe the use of smart technologies and
data as the means to solve cities’ sustainability challenges. Many cities are
in the process of making themselves smart, using data and technology to
improve transport, energy use, health, and air quality or to drive
economic growth. Others are being built to be smart from the start. So
this is a term that relates to the present and the future.

 The success of a smart city relies on the relationship between the public
and private sectors as much of the work to create and maintain a data-
driven environment falls outside the local government’s remit. For
example, smart surveillance cameras may need input and technology
from several companies.

 Aside from the technology used by a smart city, there is also the need for
data analysts to assess the information provided by the smart city systems
so that any problems can be addressed and improvements found.
  History of Smart Cities
 The concept of smart cities began as far back as the 1960s and 1970s when the US Community Analysis Bureau began using
databases, aerial photography, and cluster analysis to collect data, direct resources, and issue reports in order to direct
services, mitigate against disasters and reduce poverty. This led to the creation of the first generation of smart cities.
 The first generation of smart cities was delivered by technology providers to understand the implications of technology on
daily life. This led to the second generation of smart cities, which looked at how smart technologies and other innovations
could create joined-up municipal solutions. The third generation of the smart city took control away from technology
providers and city leaders, instead creating a model that involved the public and enabled social inclusion and community
engagement.

 This third-generation model was adopted by Vienna, which created a partnership with the local Wien Energy company,
allowing citizens to invest in local solar plants as well as work with the public to resolve gender equality and affordable
housing issues. Such adoption has continued around the world, including in Vancouver, where 30,000 citizens co-created
the Vancouver Greenest City 2020 Action Plan.
  How Smart Cities Work
Smart cities follow four steps to improve the quality of life and enable economic growth through a network of
connected devices and other technologies.
These steps are as follows:
1. Collection – Smart sensors gather real-time data
2. Analysis – The data is analyzed to gain insights into
the operation of city services and operations
3. Communication – The results of the data analysis
are communicated to decision-makers
4. Action – Action is taken to improve operations,
manage assets and improve the quality of city life for
the residents
The ICT framework brings together real-time data from
connected assets, objects, and machines to improve
decision-making. However, in addition, citizens can
engage and interact with smart city ecosystems through
mobile devices and connected vehicles and buildings.
By pairing devices with data and the infrastructure of
the city, it is possible to cut costs, improve sustainability
and streamline factors such as energy distribution and
refuse collection, as well as offer, reduced traffic
congestion, and improved air quality.
  Smart City Challenges
 For all of the benefits offered by smart cities, there are also challenges
to overcome. These include government officials allowing widespread
participation from citizens. There is also a need for the private and
public sectors to align with residents so that everyone can positively
contribute to the community.
 Smart city projects need to be transparent and available to citizens via
an open data portal or mobile app. This allows residents to engage with
the data and complete personal tasks like paying bills, finding efficient
transportation options, and assessing energy consumption in the
home.
 This all requires a solid and secure system of data collection and
storage to prevent hacking or misuse. Smart city data also needs to be
anonymized to prevent privacy issues from arising.
 The largest challenge is quite probably that of connectivity, with
thousands or even millions of devices needing to connect and work in
unison. This will allow services to be joined up and ongoing
improvements to be made as demand increases. 
 Technology aside, smart cities also need to account for social factors
that provide a cultural fabric that is attractive to residents and offers a
sense of place.  This is particularly important for those cities that are
being created from the ground up and need to attract residents
 Masdar City
An emerging innovation hub outside of Abu Dhabi, Masdar City realizes a unique vision for a
low-carbon, pedestrian-focused community in the midst of an auto-centric society. 
Home to the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, and a number of leading renewable
energy groups, shops, restaurants, and residential communities, Masdar City is already
redefining city building in the 21st century. The Phase 2 Masterplan focuses on R&D and
Housing Clusters, commercial corridors, community centers, mosques, and schools.
This unique initiative aims to create a socially, economically and environmentallysustainable city that
provides the highest quality of urban life possible.
Home to the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, a number of leading renewable energy groups, shops, restaurants
and residential communities, Masdar City is already redefining sustainable city-building. The city's new detailed master plan
for its second phase of development creates a highly replicable model for mixed-use innovation districts. This plan provides a
flexible urban framework that encourages entrepreneurship, collaboration and community building.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Llzq9YMsPP8
  India and its neighborhoods are on their way to the message of smart cities and
urbanization…...

 a large area of ​Haryana state is

included in the economically
important National Capital Region
of India for the purposes of
planning
To find out the responsible Challenges and development.
of Smart city
and urbanization in Haryana
 Haryana
 Haryana contains 32 special economic zones (SEZs), mainly
 The state is rich in
located within the industrial corridor projects connecting
 Haryana is an Indian state history, monuments,
the National Capital Region.
located in the northern part heritage, flora and
 Haryana ranks 11th among Indian states in the human
of the country. fauna, and tourism,
development index.
 Area :Total -44,212 km2 with a well-
 The economy of Haryana is the 13th largest in India, with a
(17,070 sq. mi). developed economy,
gross state domestic product (GSDP) of ₹7.65 trillion .
 Population (2011) national highways,
 and has the country's 5th-highest GSDP per capita of
Total : 25,351,462 person. and state roads.
₹240,000.
 Haryana has the highest unemployment rate among Indian
states.
 finding out the responsible Challenges of a Smart city
and urbanization in Haryana.
 METHODS AND MATERIAL:
 Study Area
Haryana is a state in northwest India, Haryana
state extends for about 44,212 sq. km.
a large area of the state is included in
National Capital Region (N.C.R.). Chandigarh, a
union territory, is the capital of Haryana which is
also shared by Punjab. The state comprises 21
districts 74 sub-districts, 80 statutory towns, 74
census towns and 6841 villages (Census of India,
2011)
Census1901, 2001 and 2011, Chandigarh, Haryana has been predominantly
a rural part of India. The urbanization trend in a state almost follows the
The pattern of India as it started at 10.77 percent in 1911 followed by 11.3
percent in 1921, 12.38 percent in 1931, and 13.39 in 1941
 ICT-Enabled Infrastructure Services
The smart city provides all infrastructure services such as water, sanitation,
drainage, Solid waste management, sewage, energy, and transportation with
smart and intelligent networks. A smart city focuses on intelligent computing
infrastructure with cutting– edge advances in cyber-physical systems, and
innovation support. Since a city is composed of numerous buildings, these
also need to be smart and green. By innovation and renewal of existing
operations
 Smart Energy
In the city power demands are growing exponentially,
the generation of which emits about one-fourth of the carbon
footprint. Besides action to decrease the power demand, the energy systems need to be smart
and sustainable. For most energy and utility companies, success will
be achieved through transforming the utility network and improving it. their energy use via smart meters, connected
appliances, and web portals. Utilities are set-up technologies that
improve the efficiency of the grid and develop new
capabilities for integrating renewable energy into the grid, and equipment for storing energy, so power can be prepared and
available when it is needed.
 Smarter grids also stand to be more resistant to attacks and natural disasters. A next-generation grid that anticipates,
detects, and responds to problems quickly has the potential to reduce wide-area outages to near zero, and at a lower cost.
Consumers empowered with better information can make smarter choices about how they use energy. By integrating
energy from renewable sources like solar and wind onto the grid, the overall impact on the environment can be curtailed,
and cities can be more self-sufficient in energy.
 Smart Utilities
 The aim at high-quality water supply, drainage, sewerage, streets, and waste management in catering to a growing
population. For water supply, the ICT solutions such as SCADA systems enable enhance efficiency and transparency.
 Similar benefits are available in respect of solid waste management and other utilities. ICT-controlled three bins of recycling
accept separate bins for trash, recyclable, and compost. Collection charges drop as trash drops. Satellite-controlled park and
lawn micro-irrigation system cuts water consumption and pumping power
 The Smart Mobility

Intelligent transport solutions in the smart city can provide seamless, safer, efficient and effective management of public
transport systems. Similar results are also noticeable from use of IT in the planning and management of transport
infrastructure and services like taxies, autos, goods transport, signaling system, signage, transport simulation, parking, etc.

 Intelligent Community Frameworks

The Community facilities such as health, education, recreational and other neighborhood services need to be planned to the
highest standards of leadership in energy and environmental design, as they save energy, materials, and emissions. A smart
neighborhood strives to achieve infrastructure efficiency, and conservation of water, energy, and natural resources in the
city.
 Smart and Green Neighborhoods and Buildings:
Smart cities can provide energy savings of up to 30 percent, reduce carbon emissions, and provide higher efficiency and
comfort with lesser energy consumption. The city and buildings have not only to be comfortable, green, and efficient, but
also intelligent and integrated. Super-insulated windows quadruple the thermal performance of double panes and can be
made from the glass in existing windows.
A sensor-controlled photo-voltaic cell and smart glass technology save on the air- conditioning and high energy cost.
 ICT-enabled Public Services
The ICT can assist in coordination and e-governance, together with sharing the information amongst the various city
departments, residents, and other stakeholders.
 Smart cities have key service areas specifics of the following:
1-Energy 1. Energy networks, smart grids
2. Smart meters, smart buildings
3. Renewable energy grid
4. Electric vehicles
5. Power quality monitoring
6. Energy conservation, efficiency, and
monitoring
7. Bionic Controls
8. Intelligent management/maintenance,
MIS
2- Public 9. Intelligent water and sewerage
Utilities networks with minimum losses and
leakages
10. Intelligent metering, billing , and
payment
11. Waste management
12. Plug the Non-Revenue Water (NRW)
losses
13. Identifying leaks using
non-invasive techniques and advanced
analytics, by managing the pressure in the
network at pumps and valves, reducing
3 Smart mobility 14. Simulation modeling
15. Smart cards
16. Smart signals, traffic
controls, variable signage, Mobile-enabled
real-time
17. maps/routes, wayfinding
18. ICT-enabled traffic control
19. Safety and security, accident monitoring,
forensic analysis
20. Infrastructure integration
21. Maintenance, MIS, and management
4 Intelligent 22. Guide for Intelligent
Community Community Planning
Frame-work 23. Education and health
infrastructure
24. Mixed land use, compact
and smart neighborhoods
Buildings
5. Smart and 25. Integrated environment
Green measures
26. Smart building
27. Building Information Management
28. City Administration Centre
29. Environment management
30. Technology and Innovation Centre

6. Telecom 31. Land Information System, digitized mapping, SDI, Geo-

Network, portal, GIS-based property records, plans, and transactions
Public Service 32. Online building plan approval
And 33. Broadband development
Governance 34. Home automation and Internet access.
35. ICT support and training
36. Business centers for small businesses
37. A networked portal for Public Security System and Safety
38. Digital business center, automated messaging, SMS
39. Consolidated billing
40. Climate street
41. Electronic trade and retail centers
42. Geo-portal, mobile/governance
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Smart city challenges Infrastructure smart

city are a number of latent issues to consider when reviewing a smart city strategy. The most important is to determine the
There
existing city’s weak areas that need utmost consideration, e.g.

 100-per-cent distribution of water supply and sanitation.

The integration of formerly isolated legacy systems to achieve citywide efficiencies can be a significant challenge.
 Master plan and development plan of smart city

Most the cities don’t have master plans or a city development plan, which is the key to smart city planning and
implementation and
encapsulates all a city needs to improve and provide better opportunities to its citizens. Unfortunately 70-80 per cent of
Indian cities don’t have one.

 Financing smart cities

One needs to see how these projects will be financed as the majority of project needs would move through complete
private investment or through PPPs (public-private partnerships).
  Providing clearances in a timely manner
For timely completion of the project, all clearances should use online processes and be cleared in a time-bound manner. A
regulatory body should be set up for all utility services so that a level playing field is made available to the private sector and
tariffs are set in a manner that balances financial sustainability with quality.
 Dealing with a multivendor environment
Another major challenge in the Indian smart city space is that (usually) software infrastructure in cities contains components
supplied by different vendors. Hence, the ability to handle complex combinations of smart city solutions developed by multiple
technology vendors becomes very significant.
 Capacity building programs
Building capacity for 100 smart cities is not an easy task and most ambitious projects are delayed owing to a lack of quality
manpower, both at the center and state levels. In terms of funds, only
around 5 percent of the central allocation may be allocated for capacity-building programs that focus on training, contextual
research, knowledge exchange, and a rich database.
Investments in capacity-building programs have a multiplier effect as they help in the time-bound completion of projects and
in designing programs, developing faculty, building databases as well as designing tool kits and decision support systems. As all
these have a lag time, capacity building needs to be strengthened right at the beginning
 Reliability of utility services
For any smart city in the world, the focus is on the reliability of utility services, whether it is electricity, water, telephone, or
broadband services. Smart cities should have universal access to electricity 24×7; this is not possible with the existing supply and
distribution system. Cities need to shift towards renewable sources and focus on green buildings and green transport to reduce
the need for electricity.
 REFERENCES
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 https://www.researchgate.net/

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population 2007: unleashing the potential of
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2007: unleashing the potential of urban growth.
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 Davies Kingsley and Golden H.H. "

Urbanization and development in pre-
Industrial Areas", Economic Development and
Cultural Change, 1954, Vol.3 no 1.

 Greenfield, A. (2013). Against the Smart City.

London: Verso. ASIN B00FHQ5DB