Division of

Development:
First Aid Education
Presented by: Elyguen Neste
 Topics

First Aid First Aider

Basic Life Support Chain of Survival

 Topics

Emergency Action
Emergency
Principles

Bandages & Bandaging

Techniques
 First Aid

First aid is the immediate treatment using available facilities or

materials given to an injured or ill person while waiting for
medical assistance to arrive. It includes either emergency
measures for life-threatening conditions, which require further
medical attention or care for less serious injuries, which may be
adequately treated on the spot. As an urgent care given to an
injured or unexpectedly ill person, first aid also involves home
care and self-care if medical assistance is delayed or not available.
 Basic First Aid Kit

• Cold packs
• Elastic wrap
• Pain relievers
• Sanitizing agent
• First aid handbook
• Antibiotic ointment
• Adhesive bandages
• Triangular bandages
• Scissors and tweezers
• Prescribed medications
• Two pairs of hand gloves
• Adhesive tape and gauze
• Emergency phone numbers
 First Aider

First aider deals with the whole situation involving the patient
and the injury or illness. The Philippine National Red Cross
(PNRC) conducts trainings for people who like to become first
aiders. If interested parties are physically and mentally fit, they
can go to their local PNRC chapter and register for free. The one-
week training focuses on basic first aid and provides the needed
medical kit.
 Roles and Responsibilities of a First Aider

1. Since the first aider does not 4. He/She identifies the risks or
perform the functions of a doctor threats to the victim's life.
or compete with the latter, he/she
5. He/She calls for medical assistance
immediately transfers the medical
as needed.
task and care of the victim to a
qualified physician who comes to 6. He/She provides the immediate
the rescue. and necessary care.
2. He/She ensures the safety of 7. He/She assists the medical
bystanders. personnel.
3. He/She assesses the condition of 8. He/She records the situation, care
the victim. given, etc.
 Basic Life Support

Life support is a series of emergency life-saving procedures that are

carried out to prolong the life of a victim. It is classified under three
types:
1. Basic life support is an emergency procedure that consists of
recognizing respiratory or cardiac arrest or both and the proper
application of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to maintain
life until a victim recovers or advanced cardiac life support can
be administered.
2. Advanced cardiac life support is the use of special equipment to
maintain the breathing and blood circulation of the victim.
3. Prolonged life support is the post-resuscitation and long-term
resuscitation.
 Chain of Survival

Chain of Survival is a series of events that need to happen

quickly in order to increase the likelihood of the patient to
survive from a sudden cardiac arrest. The metaphor is a simple
way to educate the public about its vital role in helping SCA
victims.
Chain of
Survival The first link or early
access is initiated
immediately after the
patient collapses. It entails
calling the local emergency
number as quickly as
possible and giving the
hotline as much vital
information as you can
about the emergency.
Chain of
Survival The second link or early
CPR is initiated while
waiting for the arrival of
emergency medical
services (EMS) personnel
who are trained to provide
care. The probability of
survival approximately
doubles when it is done
before the arrival of the
EMS.
Chain of
Survival The third link or early
defibrillation is most likely
to improve survival. It is
the key intervention to
increase the chance of
survival of the patient
outside without hospital
care.
Chain of
Survival
The fourth link or early
advance care is provided by
highly trained EMS
personnel and paramedics
who monitor the patient
closely on the way to the
hospital.
 Emergency

Emergency is the sudden onset of a medical or surgical urgency

that could result in serious danger to health or impairment of
bodily functions if not taken care immediately. It is an
unexpected or sudden event, especially one that poses a threat
and demands fast action.
 Emergency Action Principles

Emergency Action Principles are the guiding rules to be

employed by the first aider(s) on the scene of an emergency. The
nature of emergencies is such that it is impossible to prescribe a
specific list of actions to be completed before the event happens,
so principles form a framework on which to base forward actions.
 Indications for
Emergency Rescue

1. Danger of fire or explosion

2. Risk of toxic gases or asphyxia due
to lack of oxygen
3. Serious traffic hazards
4. Risk of drowning
5. Danger of electrocution
6. Danger of collapsing walls
 Factors to Consider in
Choosing the Transfer Method

1. Nature and severity of the injury

2. Size of the victim
3. Physical capabilities of the first aider
4. Number of personnel and equipment
available
5. Nature of evacuation route
6. Distance to be covered
7. Gender of the victim
 Bandages and
Bandaging Techniques

Bandages and dressings are both used in wound or fracture

management. A bandage is a piece of cloth or other material
used to bind or wrap a diseased, injured, or fractured part of the
body. Usually shaped as a strip or pad, bandages are either
placed directly against the wound or used to bind a fracture of
the body.
 Bandages and Bandaging Techniques

1. Shoulder/Armpit bandage
2. Elbow bandage
3. Hand bandage
4. Palm bandage
5. Leg bandage
6. Knee bandage
7. Foot bandage
 Shoulder Bandage

Figure
1 1. To apply bandages attached to the field
first aid dressing—
2. Take one bandage across the chest and the
other across the back and under the arm
opposite the injured shoulder.
3. Tie the ends with a non-slip knot (Figure
1).
 Shoulder Bandage
To apply a cravat bandage to the shoulder or
armpit—
1. Make an extended cravat bandage by using
two triangular bandages. Then, place the
end of the first triangular bandage along the
base of the second one (Figure 2B).
2. Fold the two bandages into a single
extended bandage (Figure 2C).
Figure 3. Fold the extended bandage into a single
cravat bandage (Figure 2D).
2
 Shoulder Bandage

Figure 4. After folding, secure the thicker part (overlap) with

two or more safety pins (Figure 2E).
2
5. Place the middle of the cravat bandage under the
armpit so that the front end is longer than the back
end and safety pins are on the outside (Figure 2F).
6. Cross the ends on top of the shoulder (Figure 2G).
7. Take one end across the back and under the arm on
the opposite side and the other end across the chest.
Tie the ends (Figure 2H).
 Elbow Bandage
To apply a cravat bandage to the elbow-
Figure 1. Bend the arm at the elbow and place the
3 middle of the cravat at the point of the
elbow bringing the ends upward (Figure
3A).
2. Bring the ends across, extending both
downward (Figure 3B).
3. Take both ends around the arm and tie
them with non-slip knot at the front of the
elbow (Figure 3C).
 Hand Bandage
To apply a triangular bandage to the hand-
Figure 1. Place the hand in the middle of the
4 triangular bandage with the wrist at the base
of the bandage (Figure 4A).
2. Place the apex over the fingers and tuck any
excess material into the pleats on each side
of the hand (Figure 4B).
3. Cross the ends on top of the hand, take them
around the wrist, and tie them with a non-
slip knot (Figures 4C, 4D, and 4E).
 Palm Bandage
To apply cravat bandage to the palm of the hand–
1. Lay the middle of the cravat over the palm of the
Figure hand with the ends hanging down on each side
5 (Figure 5A).
2. Take the end of the cravat at the little finger across
the back of the hand, extending it upward over the
base of the thumbs. Them, bring it downward
across the palm (Figure 5B).
3. Take the end under the thumb and across the back
of the hand, over the palm, and through the hollow
A B C between the thumb and palm (Figure 5C).
 Palm Bandage

Figure 4. Take the ends to the back of the hand

5 and across them; then, bring them
over the wrist and cross them again
(Figure 5D).
5. Bring both ends down and tie them
with non-slip knot on top of the wrist
(Figures 5E and 5F).
D E F
 Leg Bandage
1. Place the center of the cravat over the
dressing (Figure 6A).
2. Take one end around and up the leg in a
spiral motion and the other end around and
down the leg in a spiral motion,
overlapping in each preceding turn (Figure
6B).
3. Bring both ends together and tie them with
Figure a non-slip knot (Figure 6C).
6
 Knee Bandage

Figure
7
In applying a cravat bandage to the knee as
illustrated in Figure 7, use the same technique
in bandaging the elbow. The same caution for
the elbow also applies to the knee.
 Foot Bandage
To apply a triangular bandage to the foot—
1. Place the foot in the middle of the triangular
bandage with the heel well forward of the base
(Figure 8A).
2. Place the apex over the top of the foot and tuck any
excess material into the pleats on each side of the
foot (Figure 8B).
3. Cross the ends on the top of the foot, take them
around the ankle, and tie them at the front of the
Figure ankle (Figures 8C, 8D, and 8E).
8
Conclusion
The first aider needs to adapt to the situations at
hand and improvise as necessary. They should also
know the limits of their capabilities and should
apply minimal effort to avoid further damage or
injury to the victim. A good first aider must have a
strong desire to help the victim. Should act tactfully
and make quick and wise decisions depending on
the condition of the injured person.
THANK
YOU !