FOUNDATION &

FOOTING
TECHNICAL TERMS

Foundation is the part of the building below the surface of

the ground which is sometimes called the substructure.

Footing is an enlargement at the lower end of a wall, pier

or column to distribute the load into the ground.
Framing is the wood skeleton of a building
constructed one level on top of another.
Girder is the horizontal beam which supports the floor
joints.
Lally Column is a steel column used to support girders and
beams.
Pier is a block of concrete supporting the floor of a building.
Pilaster is a decorative column attached to a wall.
Piles are long posts driven into the soil in swampy locations
upon which the foundation footing is laid.
Pillar is a column used for supporting parts of a structure.
ROMAN ORDER
Reinforced Concrete is a concrete in which steel
bars or webbing has been embedded for strength.
Slab is a foundation reinforced concrete and foundation
floor.
Span is the distance between structural supports.
-TO KEEP THE STRUCTURE STILL OR TO PREVENT SETTLING
UNEVENLY
-PROTECTS THE INTERIOR OF THE BUILDING FROM MOISTURE
-PREVENT THE BUILDING FROM COLLAPSE AND SINKING.
-is a foundation unit constructed in
concrete under the base of wall or a
column for the purpose of distributing
the load over a large area.
SPREAD FOOTING or ISOLATED FOOTING
-A CIRCULAR, SQUARE OR RECTANGULAR SLAB OF UNIFORM THICKNESS
-WHEN THIS IS PROVIDED TO SUPPORT AN INDIVIDUAL COLUMN, IT IS
CALLED AN ISOLATED FOOTING.
COMBINED FOOTING
-SUPPORTS TWO COLUMN.
-this footing is provided under the
following conditions:

1. When columns are close to each other

and their individual footings overlap
2. Soil having low bearing capacity and
requires more area under individual
footing
3. The column end is situated near the
property line and the footing can not
be extended.
STRAP FOOTING
-CONSISTS OF TWO ISOLATED FOOTINGS CONNECTED TOGETHER
WITH A STRUCTURAL STRAP OR LEVEL.
STRIP FOOTING
-A TYPE OF SPREAD FOOTING WHICH IS USED FOR A LOAD
BEARING WALL. ALSO CALLED CONTINUOUS FOOTING.
MAT/ RAFT FOOTING
-CONSIST OF ONE FOOTING BASE THAT IS PLACED UNDER THE
ENTIRE BUILDING AREA.
-FOUNDATION IS AN ELEMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL
STRUCTURE WHICH CONNECTS IT TO THE GROUND AND
TRANSFER LOAD FROM THE STRUCTURE INTO DEEP PARTS OF
THE SOIL.
-IT IS USED WHEN THE ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY OF THE
SOIL IS VERY LOW.
• Foundation is the part of a structure on which the
building stands.
• The solid ground on which the foundation rests is
called the foundation bed.
PADSTONE
Foundation 
• It is defined as that part of the structure that transfers
the load from the structure as well as its own weight
over a large area of soil in such a way that the load
does not exceed the ultimate bearing capacity of the
soil and the settlement of the total structure remains
within a tolerable limit.
Foundation should fulfill the following objectives:

• Distribute the weight of the structure over a large area of soil to

avoid over-loading of the soil beneath.
• To anchor the structure against the changing natural forces.
• To load the sub-stratum evenly, thus avoid unequal settlement.
• Prevent the lateral movement of the structure.
• Increase structural stability.
SHALLOW FOUNDATION
-A TYPE OF FOUNDATION THAT DOES NOT EXTENDED
DEEP INTO THE GROUND.

DEEP FOUNDATION
-A TYPE OF FOUNDATION WHICH IS EXTENDED 3 METERS
OR MORE FROM THE GROUND LEVEL.
STRIP FOUNDATION
SPREAD FOUNDATION
COMBINED FOUNDATION
STRAP FOUNDATION
MAT OR RAFT FOUNDATION
PILE FOUNDATION
 PIER FOUNDATION
-this is used to elevate the superstructure above the
ground.
CAISSON FOUNDATION
 Identify the following types of footing:

a. Single footing
1.
b. Stepped footing

c. Sloped footing
2. a. multiple footing

b. mat footing

c. combined footing
3.
a. spread footing

b. raft footing

c. Strip footing
4.
a. multiple
footing

b. mat footing

c. strap footing
5. a. spread footing

b. sloped footing

c. stepped footing