Using Cohesive Devices

ENGLISH 10 MELC: Expand ideas using principles

of cohesion and coherence

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 COHESION
• Cohesion concerns the flow of sentences and
paragraphs from one to another.
• It involves the tying together of old information
and new.
• We work hard to foster cohesion structurally,
which enhances a reader's understanding of
our ideas.

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FIVE METHODS OF COHESION
• repeated words/ideas
• reference words
• transition signals
• substitution
• ellipsis

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 REPEATED WORDS/IDEAS
• One way to achieve cohesion is to repeat words,
or to repeat ideas using different words
(synonyms).

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 REFERENCE WORDS
• Reference words are words which are used to
refer to something which is mentioned elsewhere
in the text, usually in a preceding sentence. The
most common type is pronouns, such as 'it' or
'this' or 'these'.

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 TRANSITION SIGNALS
• Transition signals, also called cohesive devices
or linking words, are words or phrases which
show the relationship between ideas.
• They can be simple conjunctions, like and and
but, or they can be more complex.

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KINDS OF TRANSITIONS

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 SUBSTITUTION
• Substitution means using one or more words to
replace (substitute) for one or more words used
earlier in the text.

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 ELLIPSIS
• Ellipsis means leaving out one or more words,
because the meaning is clear from the context.
Ellipsis is sometimes called substitution by zero,
since essentially one or more words are
substituted with no word taking their place.

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 EXERCISES
1. It was raining heavily  _______ the match continued.
2. ________ the outcome of the game, we are happy
about the result.
3.  He directed the movie brilliantly  _____ he composed
all the songs.
4.  We were planning to visit Mall of Asia  _____ we
were unable to go due to COVID restrictions.
5.  Businesses are doing badly  _____ they are finding it
difficult to pay back their loans. 
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 EXERCISES
6.  Installing CCTV cameras will deter people from throwing
waste in public places  _____ it will help police to catch
criminals.
7.  ______ I would like to thank all of you for coming.
8.  Answer only if you are sure  _____ you will lose marks as
there is negative marks for wrong answers. 
9.  People expected the stock market to crash due to COVID 
_____ it went up.
10.  Mahesh is not likely to get army selection.  He is always
sick  _____ he is only five feet tall.
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 EXERCISES
The methods of reading usually differ in accordance
with the contents of books, 1. ––––– all books should
be read with equal seriousness. Amusement is not the
main objective of reading 2. –––––– a good book, 3.
––––– it is a novel or a biography or a drama, always
deals with some aspect of knowledge 4. –––– helps us
to know life better. It is 5.––––– said 6. –––– books
are the best teachers.

Therefore, because, but, whether, and, that

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