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DR.VMS
WORD CATEGORIES
Open class categories: (new words can be freely created in
these categories)
Noun (N) table, computer, event, joy, action
Verb (V) run, arrive, laugh, know, love, think, say, spray
Adjective (A) big, yellow, stable, intelligent, legal, fake
Adverb (Adv) badly, curiously, possibly, often
CLOSED CATEGORIES
Preposition (P) on, of, by, through, into, from, for, to Determiner (D)
the, a, this, some, every
Numerals (Num) one, two, three, ten, thirteen
Complementizers (C) that, if, whether, for
Auxiliaries (V) have, be
Modals (v or M) will, would, can, could, may, might, shall, should
Coordinators (Coord) and, or, but
Negation/Affirmation (Neg/Aff) no ,too
“SUBCATEGORIES” OF
VERBS
manner adverbs: slowly, carefully, quickly degree adverbs:
too, enough
frequency adverbs: often, rarely, always
modal adverbs: possibly, probably
WORD AFFIXES
simplest meaningful units, the “semantic atoms,” are often
called morphemes.
Words can have more than one morpheme in them.
book book-s, table table-s
DETERMINERS:
Articles: a, the
Demonstratives: that, this, these, those quantifiers: some,
every, each, no
AFFIXES
I dance present tense (meaning habitually, or at least
sometimes)
I danc-ed past tense
I am danc-ing present am progressive -ing (meaning I’m
dancing now)
SYNTACTIC
CONTEXTS
This is my most_________book
(Certain choices of words will yield well , others will not)
----- interesting, valuable, linguistic * John, slept, carefully,
This frame only allows adjectives (A) in the space, but not all
adjectives
FOLLOWING A
DETERMINER
The______ is here
prefixes:
pre-test, post-test, ex-husband, dis-appear, un-qualified, re-
think,
in-accurate
suffixes:
test-s, test-ed, test-able, nation-al-iz-ation
infixes:
Edu-ma-cation-Ghetto speak for ’education
COMPOSITIONALITY
denationalization: 1. The action of denationalizing, or the con
dition of being denationalized. 2. The action of removing (an
industry, etc.) from national control and returning it to private
ownership.
The word nation is a free morpheme, and we can see that it is an
N, since it can be modified by adjectives, and it can bear plural
morphology The meaning of this word is built progressively from
the meaning of its part:
Nation-al characterizes a property that a nation can have. National
- ize means make national. De-nationalize means undo the
nationalizing. Denationaliz-ation is the process or the result of
denationalizing.
COMPOSITIONALITY
The speaker needs to know each of the five morphemes, de-, nation, -
al, -ize, -ation.
The speaker needs to know what kind of morpheme each one is. Is it
free? If not, then is it a prefix, suffix, etc?