Describing

Motion
Motion

 the continuous change in position

with respect to a reference point
for a particular time interval.
Reference point

 The starting point for measuring

motion.
2 Ways To Find Out How Far Did The
Object Travel
1.By measuring the total length of the path travelled
by the object. (Distance)

2.By measuring the distance between the initial

position and final position. (Displacement)
Distance
 The total length of the entire
path that the object or a person
traveled in moving from one
place to another.
 Meter (m) unit
 Scalar quantity
50m
d=d1+d2+d3….
Displacement
 The shortest distance
between the object’s
initial and final positions.
 Vector quantity
5m, south
d= final position - initial position

 the value of displacement

can be positive, negative
or even zero
Distance VS. Displacement

Distance Displacement
Does not always follow a Always follows a straight
straight line line.
Greater than Can be equal to distance
displacement
Speed
 Refers to how far an object moves in a given time
interval.
 How fast an object can cover a distance in a given
amount of time.
 Scalar quantity (do not refer in direction)
 speed= distance
time
SI unit : meter per second (m/s), km/h, mi/h
Ian went running at a distance of 120 m in
30 s. What was Ian’s average speed?
Given:
Distance : 120 m
Time: 30 s
Average Speed: ?

Formula: speed = distance/time

Solving :
speed= 120 m
30 s
Speed= 4 m/s
Average Speed- it represent the speed of the object throughout its
travel.

Instantaneous Speed- it refers of speed of the object at a particular

instant.
Constant Speed- constant motion
Speedometer- is a device to measure the instantaneous speed.
General speed limit – 60 km/h
Maximum – 100 km/h (express highways)
Velocity
 Speed with direction
 Vector quantity
 Refers to the rate of change in displacement.
 velocity = displacement
time
Acceleration

 Refers to the rate of change in speed or

velocity of an object.
 How quick an object speeds up or slows
down.
How can we say that an object is
accelerating?
1. The speed of the object is changing.
Example: A cyclist is travelling with a speed from 60 km/h to
40 km/h.
2. The direction of the object is changing.
Example: A dog is running 3 m/s East, then 5 m/s North.
3. The speed and direction of the object is changing.
Example: A man is running 5 m/s, East then 10 m/s South.
Positive Acceleration
 An increase in speed or velocity

Deceleration
 A decrease in speed or velocity
acceleration = change in velocity
time
SI unit: m/