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LATITUDE CHAPTER 9 : CLIMATE

ALTITUDE Presented to: Zion and Ms. Chyril Nodalo

OCEAN
CURRENTS
PREVAILING WINDS &
MOUNTAIN RANGES

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TOPICS MEMBERS
LATITUDE
Marianne Payot Maryanne Fulache
ALTITUDE
Athenna Sibi Rosemarie Agravante
OCEAN
CURRENTS
Keithlyn Garrido Aldo Pasillos
PREVAILING WINDS &
MOUNTAIN RANGES

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FACTORS AFFECTING
CLIMATE
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LATITUDE
You may have noticed whether it was rainy or sunny.
ALTITUDE Sometimes, the morning may be sunny, but rain showers may
occur in the afternoon. Weather often changes but climate does
OCEAN not. Since the Philippines is located in the tropics, climate is
CURRENTS generally warm. However, with its seasonal rainfall distribution,
PREVAILING WINDS &
the Philippines is said to experience four types of climates.
MOUNTAIN RANGES

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CLIMATE
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LATITUDE
Climate is the average weather condition in an
ALTITUDE
area over a long period of time. Every place in
OCEAN the world has its own climate, which is
CURRENTS determined by two basic factors: temperature
PREVAILING WINDS &
MOUNTAIN RANGES
and precipitation.
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LATITUDE
TEMPERATURE
Temperature depends on the amount of energy received from the
ALTITUDE sun based on the angle and location at which sunlight strikes
Earth. Earth’s climates can be divided into general zones based
OCEAN on the temperature: polar, tropical, and temperate.
CURRENTS Temperature in these zones are determined by latitude, altitude,
PREVAILING WINDS & and ocean currents.
MOUNTAIN RANGES

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LATITUDE
TEMPERATURE
LATITUDE :
ALTITUDE
Latitude is a measure of the distance north and south of the
OCEAN equator. Areas at the equator (0°) receive direct rays of the sun.
CURRENTS Thus, the areas near the equator have warm climates. Farther
PREVAILING WINDS &
from the equator, the sun's rays are not direct. Less radiant
MOUNTAIN RANGES energy is received by areas far from the equator. These areas
have cool climates.
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LATITUDE
TEMPERATURE
LATITUDE :
ALTITUDE
The polar zone extends from the pole to about 60° latitude in
OCEAN each hemisphere. These regions have polar climates, which have
CURRENTS the lowest average temperatures. Within this region, the average
yearly temperature remains below freezing. Even during the
PREVAILING WINDS &
MOUNTAIN RANGES warmest month, the average temperature docs not rise above
10°C. There is little precipitation in the polar zones.
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LATITUDE
TEMPERATURE
LATITUDE :
ALTITUDE The temperate zones lie between 30° and 60° in both
hemispheres. In temperate zones, rain or snow may fall,
OCEAN
depending on the distance from the equator. In areas closer to the
CURRENTS
equator, rain falls during all of the seasons, while in areas farther
PREVAILING WINDS & from the equator, snow is common during winter. Average
MOUNTAIN RANGES
temperatures in these regions range from about 6°C in the
EXIT coldest months to about 28°C in the warmest months.

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LATITUDE
TEMPERATURE
LATITUDE :
ALTITUDE
Extending from 30° on both sides of the equator is the tropical
OCEAN zone. This region has very high temperature and humidity.
CURRENTS Precipitation is usually very heavy during some parts of the year.
PREVAILING WINDS & In this tropical climate, the average temperature during the
MOUNTAIN RANGES coldest month does not go below 18°C.
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LATITUDE
TEMPERATURE
LATITUDE :
ALTITUDE
The Philippines, being located in the tropical zone, has two
OCEAN
seasons: dry and wet. The dry season is from November to May,
CURRENTS
while the wet season is from June to October. Each season is
PREVAILING WINDS & characterized by different climates.
MOUNTAIN RANGES

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MEMBERS CLIMATE TYPE DESCRIPTION REGIONS/AREAS

TOPICS Dry season from November to Ilocos Region, Central Luzon,
1 May; wet season from June to Metro Manila, and Zambales
October
LATITUDE
No dry season but with rainfall
Bicol Region, Samar, Leyte, and
ALTITUDE 2 from November to January
Eastern Mindanao

OCEAN Seasons are not too pronounced but

Cagayan, Isabela, Mountain
may be dry from November to April
CURRENTS 3 or wet during the rest of the year
Province, and Nueva Vizcaya

PREVAILING WINDS &

MOUNTAIN RANGES Rainfall is evenly distributed Batanes, Northeastern Luzon,
4 throughout the year parts of Bicol Region, and
EXIT western part of Leyte

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LATITUDE
TEMPERATURE
ALTITUDE
ALTITUDE :
Altitude is the elevation or distance above the mean sea level.
OCEAN Sea level is the level of the sea at a particular time. As a general
CURRENTS rule, the density of air decreases as you move higher. Less dense
PREVAILING WINDS &
air cannot hold as much heat. In the troposphere, the layer of the
MOUNTAIN RANGES atmosphere where all weather phenomena occurs, temperature
decreases with altitude.
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LATITUDE
TEMPERATURE
ALTITUDE
ALTITUDE :
Pressure also changes with altitude. The highest atmospheric
OCEAN pressures are recorded in cold regions, and the lowest pressures
CURRENTS are recorded in tropical, warm environments associated with
PREVAILING WINDS & hurricanes and typhoons. Thus, as you move up the atmosphere,
MOUNTAIN RANGES air pressure decreases rapidly. At lower altitudes where air
density is greatest, air pressure varies not only with elevation,
EXIT but also with weather systems.

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LATITUDE
TEMPERATURE
ALTITUDE
OCEAN CURRENTS :
An ocean current is a stream of water that flows in a definite
OCEAN path. Ocean currents may be warm or cold. Warm ocean currents
CURRENTS originate in the equator. Ocean currents traveling toward the
PREVAILING WINDS & equator are cold water currents. Coastal land in these areas has
MOUNTAIN RANGES cooler temperatures.
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PRECIPITATION
LATITUDE
Water vapor in the atmosphere is the source of all condensation
ALTITUDE and precipitation, which is any form of water that falls from a
cloud. For precipitation to form, cloud droplets must grow in
OCEAN
volume by roughly one million times. There are two natural
CURRENTS
factors that affect the amount of precipitation in a particular
PREVAILING WINDS & location. These are prevailing winds and mountain ranges.
MOUNTAIN RANGES

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PRECIPITATION
LATITUDE
PREVAILING WINDS :
ALTITUDE
Prevailing winds blow more often from a certain direction than
OCEAN from any other direction. They have a great influence on the
CURRENTS climate of the regions in their paths. Different prevailing winds
PREVAILING WINDS & carry different amounts of moisture, affecting the amount of
MOUNTAIN RANGES precipitation a region receives.

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PRECIPITATION
LATITUDE
PREVAILING WINDS :
ALTITUDE
Warm air can hold more moisture than cold air does. As warm
OCEAN air rises, it cools; hence, it cannot hold as much moisture. The
CURRENTS moisture that warm air cannot hold falls back to Earth as some
form of precipitation. Therefore, areas in the path of winds from
PREVAILING WINDS &
MOUNTAIN RANGES
large bodies of water receive more precipitation.

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PRECIPITATION
LATITUDE
MOUNTAIN RANGES :
ALTITUDE The amount of precipitation at a particular location is also affected by mountain
ranges, which act as a barrier to prevailing winds. The side of the mountain facing the
OCEAN wind, known as the windward side, receives moist air and has more precipitation.
CURRENTS Therefore, areas on this side have a cold, wet climate. Meanwhile, the other side away
PREVAILING WINDS & from the wind, known as the leeward side, has little precipitation and a dry climate. By
MOUNTAIN RANGES the time a prevailing wind reaches the top of the mountains, it has lost most of its
moisture. As a result, there is very little precipitation on the leeward side of the
EXIT mountains.

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MEMBERS THANK YOU FOR

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LISTENING
LATITUDE
If you have any questions, don’t
ALTITUDE

OCEAN
hesitate to ask us!
CURRENTS Get ready for a quiz:
PREVAILING WINDS &
MOUNTAIN RANGES
True or False – 5
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Identification – 5
Multiple choice - 5

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 • True or False
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1.) The Philippines has two seasons: summer and winter.
MEMBERS
2.) Climate in the Philippines is described by the Philippine
TOPICS Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration (PAGASA).
LATITUDE

ALTITUDE 3.) Every place in the world has the same climate.
OCEAN
CURRENTS
4.) The polar zone extends from the pole to about 60 ⁰ latitude in
each hemisphere.
PREVAILING WINDS &
MOUNTAIN RANGES
5.) Latitude is the elevation or distance above the mean sea
EXIT
level.

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 • Identification
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1.) Is the average weather condition in an area over a long
MEMBERS period of time.

TOPICS 2.) Is a measure of the distance north and south of the equator.
LATITUDE
3.) Is the elevation or distance above the mean sea level.
ALTITUDE
4.) Is a stream of water that flows in definite path.
OCEAN
CURRENTS
5.) Blow more often from a certain directions than from any
PREVAILING WINDS &
MOUNTAIN RANGES other directions.
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 • Multiple choices
HOME 1.) Known as the other side of the mountain away from the
wind.
MEMBERS A. Leeward side
B. Latitude
TOPICS C. Currents
LATITUDE
2.) Ocean currents traveling toward the equator.
ALTITUDE C. Warm water currents
D. Cold water currents
OCEAN
CURRENTS C. Water vapor
PREVAILING WINDS &
MOUNTAIN RANGES 3.) What can hold more moisture than cold air?
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D. Warm air
E. Cold currents
F. Mountain ranges

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MEMBERS
• Multiple choices
4.) Where is the highest atmospheric pressures recorded?
TOPICS A. Hot regions
B. Tropical environments
LATITUDE C. Cold regions
ALTITUDE
5.) A zone where rain or snow may fall.
OCEAN D. Tropical zone
CURRENTS E. Temperate zone
PREVAILING WINDS &
MOUNTAIN RANGES

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 • Answer Key
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1. False
2. True
MEMBERS 3. False
4. True
TOPICS 5. False
6. Climate
LATITUDE
7. Latitude
ALTITUDE 8. Altitude
9. Ocean current
OCEAN 10. Prevailing winds
CURRENTS
11. A
PREVAILING WINDS &
MOUNTAIN RANGES
12. B
13. A
EXIT 14. C
15. B

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