Determine how a policy is

implemented
Presented by: JEAN ARWINA A. MECIJA
 What is a Policy
Implementation?

2
Implementation
• To carry out, to accomplish, to fulfill,
produce or to complete.

TREY
3
research
Policy Implementation
• Actions by public or private individuals
(or groups) that are directed at the
achievement of objectives set forth in
prior policy decisions.
TREY
4
research
Policy Implementation
• Accomplishment of policy objectives
through planning and programming of
operations and projects so that agreed
upon outcomes and desired impacts
are achieved.
TREY
5
research
Elements of Good Implementation
Legislation

Organization

Programming including Budgeting

TREY
6
research
 Approaches to
Implementation

7
1. Top-Down • Starts with a decision
Approach made by central
government.
• Direct a casual link
between policies and
observed outcomes.
• Followed a prescriptive
approach
TREY
8
research
2. Bottom-Up • Did not always sufficiently
relate to original policy
Approach objectives.
• Policy outcomes depends
on what actually
happening on the
recipient level.
• Local bureaucrats is the
main actors in policy
delivery.
TREY
9
research
3. Hybrid • Heated debate between
Model top-down and bottom-up
approaches.
• Combines elements of
both sides in order to
avoid the conceptual
weaknesses of both
approaches.
TREY
10
research
Conditions for Successful
Policy Implementation

11
Conditions for Successful Policy Implementation
Contains unambiguous directives and structures of the
implementation process.

Leaders of implementation possess substantial

managerial and political skill and professional knowledge.

The policy is actively supported by organized

constituency groups, legislature and judiciary.

Policy Program shall not be undermined by the changing

socio-economic conditions.

TREY
12
research
Problems in Policy
Implementation

13
Challenges in Policy Implementation
Implementation stops due to on-going revisions of policies.

Lack of monitoring and coordination mechanisms.

Inadequate directives from high level committees to local level implementing agencies.

Insufficient measures for enforcement also delays policy implementation.

Unclarity of jurisdiction and lack of interests for implementation.

Inadequate support from other relevant organizations.

Delay in approval of the plan for implementation.

TREY
14
research
TREY
15
research