CHAPTER

PSYCHOLOGICAL
PERSPECTIVE OF
THE SELF
 WHAT IS PSYCHOLOG
Y?

is the scientific study of the mind and

behavior, according to the American
Psychological Association.
 WILLIAM JAMES
"FATHER OF AMERICAN
PSYCHOLOGY"
"In order to to achieve wholeness and become
a well-integrated individual, one must start
with the basics of understanding the self."
 WILLIAM JAMES
SELF AS HAVING 2
ASPECTS:
1. "I-Self"
-refers to the self that knows who he/she
-is thinking, acting and feeling self
-reflects the soul of a person or what is
now thought of as the mind and is called
the pure ego
 WILLIAM JAMES
SELF AS HAVING 2 ASPECTS:
2. "Me-Self"
-the empirical self
-refers to describing the person's personal
experiences and further divided into sub-
categories:
1.Material Self
2.Social Self
3.Spiritual Self
 DAVID LESTER
MULTIPLE VS. UNIFIED SELVES
Multiple self- based on an individual's mutliple
manifestations of the self.

Unified Self- is an image of a healthy, well-

balanced, and effective coping mechanism can
help a person strive in their environment and
propel themselves to learn, gain better
perspective, and grow as a person.
DONALD WINNICOTT
TRUE VS. FALSE SELF
True self- a sense of self based on
authentic experience, and the feeling of
being truly present and alive.

False Self- its function is to hide and protect

the true self. People tend to display a false
self to impress others
CARL ROGERS
THEORY OF SELF
He believed in the inherent goodness
of people
Emphasized the importance of free will
and psychological growth
Human beings are always striving for
self- fulfillment or self-actualization
When the needs of the self are
denied, severe anxiety may result
CARL ROGERS
SELF-CONCEPT
refers to the image of oneself
defined the self as a flexible and
changing perception of personal identity
self develops from interactions with
significant people and self-
awareness
CARL ROGERS
SELF-CONCEPT
TRUE SELF- this aspect is visible to others
regardless of how others see an
individual.

IDEAL SELF- this aspect are concepts and

ideas that may not reflect who a person is
but who the person aspires to be.
SIGMUND FREUD
3 PROVINCES OF THE
MIND
1. ID- pleasure-seeking, immature,
impulsive, child-like and cannot delay
gratification.
2. EGO- "I", works on the reality
principle, controls teh id and can
delay pleasure
ALBERT BANDURA
FOUR AGENT PERSPECTIVES
1. Intentionally- enables us to behave
with purpose.

2. Forethought- allows us to anticipate

outcomes.
3. Self-reactiveness- we can be motivated
to
regulate our actions.
4. Self-reflectiveness- we can reflect our
thoughts and behaviors and make