The University of

Choice

COUNSELING & GUIDANCE

DED 1013
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Chapter 1

Introduction to counselling
BY
MDM. SHABINA REHMAN
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OVERVIEW
1. DEFINITION OF COUNSELING
2. DEFINITION OF GUIDANCE
3. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COUNSELING &
GUIDANCE
4. GOALS OF COUNSELING
5. ROLE OF THE COUNSELOR
6. OVERVIEW OF MAJOR AREAS WHERE
COUNSELING IS USED
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Definition of counselling
• The term ‘counselling’ includes work with
individuals and with relationships which may
be developmental, crisis support,
psychotherapeutic, guiding or problem
solving . . . The task of counselling is to give
the ‘client’ an opportunity to explore, discover
and clarify ways of living more satisfyingly
and resourcefully.
(BAC 1984)
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Definition of counselling Choice
In October,1997 the American Counseling
Association (ACA) accepted a definition :
“The application of mental health,
psychological or human development
principles, through cognitive, affective,
behavioral or systemic interventions &
strategies that address wellness,
personal growth, or career
development, as well as pathology.”
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It is designed to help clients-
• to understand and clarify their views of their
life spaces;

• to learn to reach their self determined goals

through meaningful well informed choices;

• and through resolution of problems of an

emotional or interpersonal nature.
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Definition of Guidance
 Guidance can be defined as the “The process
of helping people make important choices that
affect their lives.”

 Helps to gain an understanding of self and own

world through guidance.

 A part of such guidance may be the giving of

information that enables others to increase the
scope of their exploratory behaviour.
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• Guidance is an all-encompassing activity in
which many persons and organizations take
part.

• It is imparted to individuals by their parents,

relatives, and friends and by the
community at large through various
educational, industrial, social, religious,
and political agencies.
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Difference between
Counseling & Guidance

• Both Guidance and Counseling are

process used to solve problems of life.

• The basic difference is in the approach.

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• In the process of guidance, the client's
problems are listened to carefully and
readymade solutions are provided by the
expert,

• whereas in the process of counseling the

client's problems are discussed and relevant
information are discovered in-between.
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• At the end of the counseling process, the client

himself/herself has an insight to the problem and
he/she become empowered to take his/her own
decision.

• Since readymade solutions (taking decision for

others) were provided in guidance, the client may or
may not follow it but most often decision taken in the
process of counseling are followed sincerely.
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Goals of counseling Choice

There are five major goals of counseling-

• Facilitating behavior
• Improving the client’s ability to establish and
maintain relationships
• Enhancing the client’s effectiveness and
ability to cope
• Promoting the decision- making process
• Facilitating client’s potential and
development
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The Role of the Counselor Choice

The major settings in which counselors

practice have shifted from almost
exclusively
• school and career counseling settings
to such areas as
• private practice,
• counseling centers and
• community health centers and
• hospital/medical settings.
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An Overview Of The Major Areas
where Counseling is used
School counseling
• To help children with learning difficulties,
special needs, realizing their potential,
substance abuse, child abuse, family
problems affecting children.
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Student personnel services in higher

education services
• Counseling related services such as
admissions, student affairs, special programs
for minorities, academic remedial programs,
career planning and placement.
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Substance abuse counseling

• Drug abuse is the consumption of any
drug, whether legal (alcohol), prescribed
(especially tranquilisers), over the counter
(such as diet pills and sleeping pills),
street corner and illegal.
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Rehabilitation counselors
• These people are specialists who work
with individuals with disabilities in
overcoming their limitations and fulfilling
potentials.
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Mental Health Counseling

• Mental health counselors work as part of
the mental and health services team in
hospitals, in the diagnosis, treatment and
prevention of mental and emotional
disorders and dysfunctional behavior.
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Business & Industry

• Counselors work in businesses &
industries in personnel departments
dealing with employment and labor dispute
problems. Besides employee assistance
programs, career development programs,
team building workshops are conducted by
counselors.
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1st Counsellor Choice

• Laura Allen consulted two counsellors. The

first counsellor was a man who sat on a chair
that was higher than the one she was directed
to. He was ‘Dr Parker’, and refused to
disclose his first name. Throughout their
sessions, he made little or no response to her
distress and pain. Eventually, he suggested
that she might be admitted to a psychiatric
hospital. She swore at him and stormed out of
the office.
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2nd Counsellor Choice

• Her second counsellor was a woman who

was warm, reassuring and motherly, but who
avoided any difficult feelings or tears. After a
couple of sessions, Laura found that she had
started to protect her counsellor by not
saying anything that might embarrass her.
This counsellor was kind and gentle, but
‘nothing much really happened’.
Allen (1990)
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THINK ABOUT…….
• What is professional
counseling?

• Do some current societal needs

have implications for new
directions in educational or
societal services? Identify and
discuss.
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THANK YOU