Communication and

presentation skills

Course code: ENG-125

Cr Hrs 3
Session 2022 spring
Name: Mr. Yasin Danish
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
Suggested Book(s)

John E. Warriner. Warriner’s

English Grammar and
Composition.
Grading Policy

Mid term Exams \ Evaluation 50 marks Final term marks 50 marks

Mid term exam 15 marks Final term Exam 50 marks

Attendance 05 marks

Assignment / presentation 10 marks

Tests 10 marks

English Proficiency 10 marks

Topics
 1. Introduction to Communication • Comparison of oral and written
communication • Formal and Informal Communication
 2. Use of grammar Writing clearly, Sentence formation
 3. Continue
 4. Paragraph writing
 5. Use of punctuation
 6. Essay and writing sequence • Develop your topic • Identify your audience •
Research • Summarizing research
 7• Class practice of essay writing • Reading comprehension
 8• CV and Resume
Communication

 Workplace conversations constitute formal communication

—from team meetings and email trails to client
conferences and more. But the importance of informal
communication can’t be ignored. In fact, during the
recent lockdown, we’ve all had a part of formal
communication as well as informal communication, even
professionally.
 FORMAL AND INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FORMAL AND INFORMAL
COMMUNICATION
 TYPES OF FORMAL AND INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
FORMAL AND INFORMAL
COMMUNICATION
 Formal communication is, typically, conveyed from the top leadership to
various departments and employees.
 Usually, every organization follows a procedure for formal conversation.
 Think about your school annual meetings or even family meetings that your
elder calls for. These are examples of formal communication.
 However, there is no predetermined structure for informal communication in
any organization.
 So what is informal communication all about?
 To start with,
 it helps create and maintain a relationship among colleagues.
 For instance, consider those chats with your coworkers about the latest
movies over a cup of coffee.
 Informal communication can also play a much larger role than just generating
friendly chatter.
 This form of communication can be very useful in resolving a conflict between
the employees and the management.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FORMAL AND
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
 Both formal communication and informal communication are crucial for
maintaining a clear and cordial work culture. Examples of formal
communication include minutes of a meeting as well. But what makes casual
conversation different from official meetings? Let’s discover the difference
between formal and informal communication.
 As we know it, formal communication is also called official communication.
Formal communication often follows a specific structure or channels such as
emails to the clients, whereas informal communication can often flow freely
in any direction.
 Formal meets must maintain secrecy for the messages
shared. But when you are having a casual chat,
maintaining confidentiality gets tough. In fact, it will be
safe to say that most rumors or gossip start through the
route of informal communication.
 Formal communication is time-consuming. On the other
hand, informal communication is usually quick and easy to
navigate.
 Formal communication is more reliable, as it follows a
pattern set by the organization. In contrast, informal
communication takes off on its own and sets its own course.
 Examples of formal communication such as email exchange,
video conferencing and Zoom calls have certain procedures
and processes in place. From the greeting to the sign-off,
the tone and style is completely different from informal
communication. The difference between formal and
informal communication will also depend on the audience
and  your message.
TYPES OF FORMAL AND INFORMAL
COMMUNICATION
 There are different types of formal and informal
communication. This depends on the purpose,
place and context of the communication. 
 Letus look at the types of formal and informal
communication with examples of formal
communication.
TYPES OF FORMAL COMMUNICATION:

 VERTICAL

Here, the communication is held between

different organizational levels. So the message is
either transferred from the juniors to the team
leads to the manager or vice-versa.
 HORIZONTAL OR LATERAL
This is the communication that happens between
peers from different departments.
 CROSSWISE OR DIAGONAL
As the name suggests, here the conversation takes
place between two employees working at
different levels in different departments. For
example, a website developer discussing a project
with a sales manager can be categorized as
crosswise or diagonal communication.
TYPES OF INFORMAL COMMUNICATION

 SINGLE STRAND CHAIN

This is the type of communication where A shares an idea or information with
B, who then passes it to C, and so on.

 CLUSTER CHAIN
Have you ever noticed how a social media challenge becomes viral? People
start something unique and tag, say, three friends for the challenge. They
complete the challenge and tag three more people each, and so on. That’s
how a cluster chain communication is formed and continues.
 GOSSIP CHAIN
Think of the college canteen conversations, where one
person vividly describes her recent adventures to a group
of friends gathered around the table to listen. That’s how
the gossip chain works. One person initiates the
conversation and shares information with a group of
people, who then pass on the information to more people.
Conclusion

 Nowadays, most organizations attempt to

efficiently blend formal and informal
communication channels. The result is improved
efficiency, productivity, and trust among the
employees. Effective communication skills play a
crucial role in advancing anyone’s career, from a
fresher to a team leader to a manager.