4

CONCENTRATION

SOLUTION
Based on the answers that you have
provided, how are the two words related
with each other?
• A concentrated solution is one in which there is a large
amount of solute in a given amount of solvent. A dilute
solution is one in which there is a small amount of solute
in a given amount of solvent. When we talk about solute
and solvent, the concentrated solution has a lot of solute
versus the dilute solution that would have a smaller
amount of solute.
• In general, a solution has two components: solute and
solvent. The solute and the solvent dissolve in each
other. The component present in small amount is called
the solute.
• The particles of solute are dissolved in a solution while
the solvent is the component present in greater amount.
• For example, at 30°C, you added 30 g of table salt in 100
mL water. Your solute is the 30 g table salt and your
solvent is 100 mL water.
• Try to identify the solute • 1. Solution : Cup of coffee
• A. Caffeine : __________________
and the solvent in the • B. Water : __________________
following solutions by • 2. Solution : Vinegar
• A. Acetic acid : __________________
labeling each item as • B. Water : __________________
solute or solvent. • 3. Solution : Ocean water
•
• (HINT: the solvent is •
A. Salt : __________________
B. Water : __________________
always the one with
greater amount)
• We can calculate the concentration of solutions by
various methods. Let’s study each method and
determine the formulas for each method.

• You will find the percentages of solutes stated on the labels of many
commercial products, such as household cleaners, liquid pesticide solutions,
and shampoos. If your sink becomes clogged, you might buy a bottle of
drain opener whose label states that it is a 2.4% sodium hydroxide solution.
This means that the bottle contains 2.4 g of NaOH for every 100 g of
solution.
• How to solve percentage
concentration by mass
problems
• Sample problem 1:
• Pure gold is referred to as
24 karats. Jewelry that is
said to be 18 karats
contains 18 g of gold
• for every 24 g of the
material, the remaining 6 g
consist of the other metal
like copper or silver.
•
•
ANALYZE:
What is given in the problem?
• The mass of solute and the mass of solution
• What are you asked to find?
• The concentration of the solution expressed as a
percentage by mass
•
•
Mass of solute:18 g
Mass of solution: 24 g
• What step is needed to calculate the concentration of the
solution as a percentage by
•
•
mass?
Divide the mass of solute by the mass of the solution and
multiply it by 100
• Solution:
•
•
% = mass of solute / mass of solution x 100%
% = { 18 g / 24 g }x 100%
• % by mass = 75 %
• How to solve percentage
concentration by volume
problems
• Determine the •
•
ANALYZE:
What is given in the problem?

volume/volume percent •
•
The volume of solute and the volume of solution
What are you asked to find?

solution made by • The concentration of the solution expressed as a

percentage by volume

combining 25 mL of •
•
Data:
Volume of solute:25 mL ethanol
ethanol with •
•
Volume of solution: 200 mL
What step is needed to calculate the concentration of the
• enough water to produce •
solution as a percentage by
volume?
200 mL of the solution. • Divide the volume of solute by the volume of the solution
and multiply it by 100
• Solution:
• % = volume of solute
/volume of solution x 100%
• %= {25 mL / 200 mL }x
100%
• % by volume = 12.5 %