NAPOLEON

BONAPARTE
(1769-1821)
 NAPOLEON’S EARLY
DAYS
 Napoleon was born in Corsica( a French
territory) in August 1769.
 His family belonged to the high social
class.
 He was sent to military academy in France.
 Napoleon graduated in 1785, at the age of
16, and joined the artillery as a second
lieutenant.
 During the French revolution he served the
Revolutionary Army.
 The Campaigns
 In Paris, Bonaparte finished with some revolts against the
Convention ; after that, he received an army to march to Italy,
there Napoleon defeated the Austrian army, and he got
Lombardy for France and two Papal states.
 In Egypt Napoleon defeated the English army in the
battle and the Ottoman army; after that,
Bonaparte took the control of Egypt and some
Ottoman cities as Acre.
 Napoleon takes the Power

 The army in Egypt was left in charge of Jean Baptiste Kléber.

Unknown to Bonaparte, the Directory had sent him orders to return to
ward off possible invasions of French soil, but poor lines of
communication meant the messages had failed to reach him. By the
time he reached Paris in October, France's situation had been
improved by a series of victories. The Republic was bankrupt,
however, and the ineffective Directory was unpopular for the French
population. The Directory discussed Bonaparte's "desertion" but was
too weak to punish him.
 In Paris Napoleon and Sieyes were decided to prepare a coup d'état.
At the beginning, the new consul would be Sieyes, but Napoleon was
faster, and he took the power, and he proclaimed himself consul
moreover, it made Napoleon the most powerful person in France.
During the consulate Napoleon tried to restore the order, lost during
the revolution, fighting against the Austrian army in Lombardy and
selling the Louisiana to solve the bankrupt.
Napoleon’s Empire

o To consolidate his charge of consul.

Napoleon decided to change the consulate
to a hereditary empire, to avoid
conspirations, and Napoleon proclaimed
himself emperor of France.
NAPOLEO
Napoleon wanted to defeat England, he needed the sea
control to invade England, so he asked Spain to fight against
England, but the two naval armies were defeated in Trafalgar

N AGAINST
battle. After that, Napoleon forgot his rivality with England
and he decided to invade Europe, he conquered the Naples
Kingdom, finishing with the United Provinces and founding
the Holland Kingdom and the Rhine Confederation.

EUROPE Prussia and Russia attacked the Confederation, but

Napoleon defeated the two armies, so he expanded the
empire with West folia and some Prussian's territories, and
he had the main harbors of Europe under his control. I The
biggest expansion of the empire was in 1810 with an
alliance with Austria and the support of the Iritic Provinces,
Bremen, Lubeck and all the Papal States.
 Independence War
 Napoleon wanted to isolate England from Europe and the
only country loyal to England was Portugal, so he decided
to attack Portugal.
 To attack Portugal he had to pass through Spain, and he
made an alliance with Spain, but Napoleon decided to
include Spain in his empire, and Jose, his brother, was
proclaimed king of Spain. The people didn't accept the new
king, and the war against Napoleon was official.
 In that war, Napoleon put his best troops, but he had to
fight with other countries, and he withdrew the
This Photo by army
Unknown Authorfrom
is licensed

Spain where he lost part of his army, and at the end Jose

under CC BY-NC

was Deposed.
 The End of Empire
 After the defeat with Russia, Russia, Austria, Sweden,
Spain, Portugal and the United Kingdom created an
alliance against Napoleon.
 In Leipzig, Napoleon fought against the alliance, that
doubled the French army, and Napoleon was
defeated, losing 120000 soldiers. With an army of
100.000, France couldn't resist the attacks of the
alliance.
 After that defeat, Napoleon was exiled to Elba island.
 But Napoleon returned to Paris where he prepared an
army of 200.000 soldiers to fight against England,
Prussia and Holland in the Belgian campaign, but
Napoleon was defeated in the battle of Waterloo.
 Finally, Napoleon was exiled to the Saint Helena
island, where he died in 1821 at the age of 51
years old.