Starter:: What Is Meant When We Use The Word Power? Who Is This Person With A Blond Bob and A Pink Shirt?

P1 9 - Energy and Power 16/04/23
1. What do scientists mean by power?

2. How do we calculate power?
3. How do we calculate efficiency with power?
Starter:
What is meant
when we use the
word Power?
Who is this
person with a
blond bob and a
pink shirt?
Click Picture to Activate
KC
1. What do scientists mean by power? Key Words:
2. How do we calculate power? power, work done, time
3. How do we calculate efficiency with power? taken, watt
Lesson Objective
To understand the definition of power and how it can be used to
calculate efficiency.
Route to Learning
• State the equation for work done and the units. Grade 4
• With support, rank electrical appliances in order of power. Grade 6
• Calculate the power generated during exercise. Grade 7
• Apply the efficiency equation in a range of situations, Grade 8
including rearrangement of the equation.
LO
Topic Learning Route

P1 1 Changes in Energy Stores
P1 2 Conservation of Energy
P1 3 Energy and Work
P1 4 Gravitational Potential Energy Stores
P1 5a Kinetic Energy Stores
P1 5b Elastic Energy Stores
P1 6 Energy Dissipation
P1 7 Energy and Efficiency
P1 8 Electrical Appliances
P1 9 Energy and Power
LO
Reminder: Work Done

The Work Done by a Force is dependent on the size of the
force and the distance moved in the direction of that force.
Work Done = Force applied  Distance moved in the direction of the Force
W=Fd
Work Done is measured in Joules (J)

Force applied is measured in Newton’s (N)
Distance is measured in metres (m)
1 Joule = 1 Newton moved 1 metre

SK
Reminder: Mechanical Work Done – Pushing a Block
20N 100kg
5m
F = 20N Work Done = F  d

d = 5m
Work Done = 20  5
Work Done = 100J
AP
Question Answer Check Grade

2-3
Marking Pen
force applied
a) Work Done = ……………….……………... × distance moved.
energy is
b) When work is done, a force moves an object and …………………
transferred.
equal
c) Energy transferred is ………………… to work done.
d) Force is measured in Newton’s
………………… (N)
Joules (J)
e) Work done by a force is measured in …………………
AP

3-4
Marking Pen
A bodybuilder lifts a 10 N weight

a distance of 2.5 m.
How much energy has the weight 10  2.5 = 2.5J
gained?
A crane lifts a 400 N crate full of
baked beans 15 m.

How much work was done by the 400  15 = 6000J
crane?
If a rocket transfers 2,500,000 MJ
of energy when it takes off, how Energy Transferred = Work Done
much work is done? Work Done = 2,500,000 MJ
AP
Power via Work Done

Power is the rate of transfer of Energy per Second
Work Done
Power =
Time Taken
Power is measured in Watts (W)

Work Done is measured in Joules (J)
Time Taken is measured in seconds (s)
1 Watt is a rate of transfer of 1 Joule per Second (J/s)

SK
Power via Energy Transferred

Power is the rate of transfer of Energy per Second
Work Done
Power =
Time Taken
Remember: Work Done is the same as Energy Transferred

Energy Transferred
Power =
Time Taken
SK
Mechanical Power – Pushing a Block
20N 100kg
5m 4s
F = 20N Work done = F  d = 20  5 = 100J

d = 5m Work Done
t = 4s Power =
Time Taken
100
Power = = 25 W
4
AP
Mechanical Power – Pushing a Block a bit Faster
20N 100kg
5m 2s
F = 20N Work done = F  d = 20  5 = 100J

d = 5m Work Done
t = 2s Power =
Time Taken
100
Power = = 50 W
2
The Power was higher because the same
energy was expended over a shorter time. AP
Question Answer Check Marking Pen

Grade
4-5
Calculate the power of a car that

uses 6600J of chemical energy in 6,600  2 = 2,200W
3 seconds.
Calculate the power of a car that
uses 12kJ of chemical energy in 3 12,000  3 = 4,000W
seconds.
Calculate the power of a train
that uses 2MJ of energy in 4 2,000,000  4 = 500,000W
seconds.
A moped transfers 7 MJ of
energy in 5 minutes. Calculate 7,000,000  (5 x 60) =
the power of the moped. 7,000,000  300 = 23,333W
AP
Going on a Journey
Both riders have the same mass
The fitter rider covers 1km in 227s

The other rider covers 1km in 340s
One rider has been to the gym regularly and can apply more
force on the pedals that pushes the bike forward and generates
a forward force of 130N. The other rider can only generate 100N
to push the bike forward.
AP
Going on a Journey Power = Work Done  Time Taken
Power Fitter Rider = 130000  227

= 572.7W
Power Other Rider = 100000  340
= 294.1W
The Fitter Rider put in an extra

279W to be 113s faster (1min 53s).
Work Done by Fitter Rider = 130 x 1000 = 130000J

Work Done by Other Rider = 100 x 1000 = 100000J
Work Done = F  d
Note: 1km = 1000m AP

5-6 Marking Pen
A jeep pulls a caravan with a force of 2,000 N over a distance of

20,000 m in 2 hours. How much power does the jeep produce?
Work Done = F x d
2,000  20,000 = 40,000,000J
2 hours = 2  60  60 = 7,200s
Power = Work Done  Time Taken

40,000,000  7,200 = 5,556W
AP
Match the Power ratings

100,000,000,000,000,000,000 MW
1W Electric Cooker Railway Engine
10,000MW 10,000,000MW
Large Power Station The Sun
10,000W A Torch
100MW Electric Light Bulb
Saturn V Rocket World Demand for Power
100W
Note: 1MW = 1,000,000W CC
Match the Power ratings Answers

Device Power rating
Torch 1W
Electric Light Bulb 100 W
Electric Cooker 10,000 W = 10kW
Railway Engine 1,000,000 W = 1 MW
Saturn V Rocket 100 MW
Large Power Station 10,000 MW
World demand for power 10,000,000 MW
The Sun 100,000,000,000,000,000,000 MW
CC
Efficiency and % Efficiency from Power

Useful Power Transferred (W)
Efficiency =
Total Power Supplied (W)
Useful Power Transferred (W)

Percentage Efficiency =  100
Total Power Supplied (W)
The answer can be left as a decimal or as a percentage.
Note: Because efficiency is a ratio the units cancel

SK
Calculating Wasted Power

Wasted Power = Total Power Supplied – Useful Power Output
Total Power Supplied = Useful Power Output + Wasted Power

SK
Grade
Power Calculations 6-7 Swap with someone - Marking Pen
Watts = W Power = Energy Transferred / Time Taken 1kJ = 1,000J
Device Energy Transferred Power
Input: Time:
4,000J 40s 4,000J  40s = 100 Watts
Input: Time:
27,500J 500s
27,500J  500s = 55 W
Input: Time:
100,000kJ 3600s
100,000,000J  3,600s = 27,778W
Input: Time:
45kJ 60s
45,000J  60s = 750W
Input: Time:
24,000kJ 2hrs 2 hours = 2 x 60 x 60 = 7200 seconds
24,000,000J  7,200s = 3,333W
AP
Efficiency
Watts = W
Calculations Swap with someone - Marking Pen
% Efficiency = (Useful Power / Total Power) x 100 1kW = 1,000W
Device Energy Transferred Percentage Efficiency Grade
6-7
Input: Useful:
100W 90W
(90W  100W)  100 = 90% ③
Input: Wasted:
55W 5W Useful = 55 – 5 = 50W
(50W  55W)  100 = 90.9%
②
Input: Wasted:
27,778W 1,778W Useful = 27778 – 1778 = 26000W
(26,000W  27,778W)  100 = 93.6% ①
Input: Useful:
750W 600W
(600W  750W)  100 = 80% ⑤
Input: Useful:
3,333W 3,000W
(3,000W  3,333W)  100 = 90% ③
AP
Lesson Objective
Route to Learning
• With support, rank electrical appliances in order of Grade 6
power.
LO

Grade
7-8
A rocket engine takes in 800MJ 9 mins = 9 x 60 = 540s

chemical energy and changes this Total Input = 800106  540
into 480MJ of kinetic energy and = 1,481,481.5W
320MJ of heat energy over 9 Useful = 480106  540
minutes. Calculate the power = 888,888.9W
and efficiency.
=(888889  1481482)100 = 60%
Calculate the power and Total Input = 600  10
efficiency of a TV that takes in = 60W
600J of electrical energy and Useful
= 300 + 240 = 540
gives out 300J of light, 240J of Useful = 540  10
sound and 60J of heat energy in
10 seconds = 54W
= (54  60)  100 = 90%
AP

Grade
7-8
Total Power Supplied =

A clock is 95% efficient an uses Useful  (Efficiency  100)
85W of useful energy over 15s. 85  (95  100) = 89.47W
What is the Total Energy
Supplied? Energy = Power  Time Taken
89.47  15 = 1342.1J
AP
Physics Circuit Training – Calculating Personal Power
Squats Triceps Dips – use bench Step-Up
Bicep Curl (one arm) Wrist Curl (one arm on desk)

AP
Physics Circuit Training – Calculating Power

Example
Distance Total
per rep distance
{use only {distance
the upward per rep x Work Time
Mass Weight distance} Number No. reps} Done Taken Power
Exercise (kg) (N) (m) of reps (m) (J) (s) (W)
Squats
(use your
bodyweight
for mass)
80 800 0.6 10 6 4,800 30 160
80  10 = 800N 4800  30 = 160W

800  6 = 4800J
0.6  10 = 6m
Note: Weight = Mass  10N/kg Work Done = Force  Distance Power = Work Done  Time Taken
WS

Instructions:
1. Complete each exercise in turn.
2. Work out/ find the mass for each exercise
(see worksheet for details).
3. Calculate the Weight (Mass  10N/kg)
4. Count the number of repetitions for each and time
how long it takes (in seconds).
5. Calculate the Work Done (Force  Distance).
6. Calculate the Power (Work Done  Time Taken).
WS

Safety
• Take it easy – it’s not an Olympic event
• Be careful not to drop anything
• Stay in your pairs
• Don’t trip or fall
• Put everything back carefully and neatly
WS
Lesson Objective
Route to Learning
• With support, rank electrical appliances in order of Grade 6
power.
LO
1. What do scientists mean by power?
2. How do we calculate power?
3. How do we calculate efficiency with power?
Plenary
Today we have learnt:
• Power is the rate of transfer of energy per second
• Power can be calculated by:
Energy Transferred (J)  Time Taken (s)
[ Force Applied (N)  Distance (d) ]  Time Taken (s)
• That efficiency is calculated from:
Useful Power Output  Total Power Supplied
SK
Additional Material
1. What is mass measured in? kilograms, kg Starter

2. What is weight measured in? Newtons, N
3. What causes weight? gravity
4. What is energy measured in? Joules, J
5. What is the value of gravity on this planet? 10 or 9.8 (N/kg or m/s2)
6. What formula calculates weight? mass x gravity
7. What are the units of speed? m/s

8. What are the units of acceleration?
m/s2
9. What can slow down a falling object?
friction, air resistance, etc
10. What are the units of gravitational potential energy?
Joules, J
Peer Assessment Mark /10

Experiment Design
Design an experiment to calculate how much power
you consume carrying your bag around at school for
1 day.
• Prediction
• Apparatus
• Diagram
• Method
• Justify any estimates you make
• Table
• Formulae to be used
WS
Exercise Mass Weight Distance Number Total Work Time Power
(kg) (mass x per rep of reps distance done Taken (Work
10N/kg) (use only (distance (Force x (s) done ÷
(N) the upward per rep x total time)
distance) No. reps) distance) (W)
(m) (J)
Squats
(use your
bodyweight
for mass)
Triceps Dips
(Use half
your
bodyweight
for mass)
Bicep Curls
1 kg mass
Wrist Curls
1 kg mass
Step Ups
(use your
bodyweight
for mass)
Knowledge Check
1) How can friction between 2 surfaces Use a lubricant/make it
be reduced? smoother
2) What are the energy transfers for a Electrical  Heat + Sound
hair dryer (start to end)?
3) What equation links potential Work Done = P.D.  Charge
difference, work done and charge?
4) Collisions between what causes Electrons and ions in a
electrical resistance? conductor
5) What is the formula for efficiency?
RET
P1 Conservation and dissipation of energy 16/04/23
PowerPoint Slide Codes:
KC Knowledge Check – hyperlinks to a question slide

SK represents Subject Knowledge
WS represents Working Scientifically
APP represents Application
CS represents Communicating Scientifically
ADD represents a link to additional resources in the slide deck
(hyperlinked - click on it)
RET represents Return from additional resources to where you
came in from clicking ADD (hyperlinked - click on it)
P1 Conservation and dissipation of energy 16/04/23
Find us on TES, search for “ThePhysicsStore”

Other material on this topic (and many more)
is available:
P1 1 Changes in Energy Stores
P1 2 Conservation of Energy
P1 3 Energy and Work
P1 4 Potential Energy Find us on the web,
P1 5a Kinetic Energy search for “www.thephysicsstore.co.uk”
P1 5b Elastic Energy Provide us feedback via “customerservices@thephysicsstore.co.uk”
P1 6 Energy Dissipation
P1 7 Energy Efficiency
P1 8 Electrical Appliances
P1 9 Energy and Power

Starter:: What Is Meant When We Use The Word Power? Who Is This Person With A Blond Bob and A Pink Shirt?

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P1 9 - Energy and Power 16/04/23

1. What do scientists mean by power?

Click Picture to Activate

Topic Learning Route

Reminder: Work Done

Work Done is measured in Joules (J)

1 Joule = 1 Newton moved 1 metre

Reminder: Mechanical Work Done – Pushing a Block

F = 20N Work Done = F  d

Question Answer Check Grade

Question Answer Check Grade

A bodybuilder lifts a 10 N weight

Power via Work Done

Power is measured in Watts (W)

1 Watt is a rate of transfer of 1 Joule per Second (J/s)

Power via Energy Transferred

Remember: Work Done is the same as Energy Transferred

Mechanical Power – Pushing a Block

F = 20N Work done = F  d = 20  5 = 100J

Mechanical Power – Pushing a Block a bit Faster

F = 20N Work done = F  d = 20  5 = 100J

Question Answer Check Marking Pen

Calculate the power of a car that

The fitter rider covers 1km in 227s

Going on a Journey Power = Work Done  Time Taken

Power Fitter Rider = 130000  227

The Fitter Rider put in an extra

Work Done by Fitter Rider = 130 x 1000 = 130000J

Question Answer Check Grade

A jeep pulls a caravan with a force of 2,000 N over a distance of

Power = Work Done  Time Taken

Match the Power ratings

Match the Power ratings Answers

Efficiency and % Efficiency from Power

Useful Power Transferred (W)

The answer can be left as a decimal or as a percentage.

Note: Because efficiency is a ratio the units cancel

Calculating Wasted Power

Total Power Supplied = Useful Power Output + Wasted Power

Question Answer Check Marking Pen

A rocket engine takes in 800MJ 9 mins = 9 x 60 = 540s

Question Answer Check Marking Pen

Total Power Supplied =

Physics Circuit Training – Calculating Personal Power

Squats Triceps Dips – use bench Step-Up

Bicep Curl (one arm) Wrist Curl (one arm on desk)

Physics Circuit Training – Calculating Power

80  10 = 800N 4800  30 = 160W

Physics Circuit Training – Calculating Power

Physics Circuit Training – Calculating Power

1. What is mass measured in? kilograms, kg Starter

3. What causes weight? gravity

4. What is energy measured in? Joules, J

5. What is the value of gravity on this planet? 10 or 9.8 (N/kg or m/s2)

6. What formula calculates weight? mass x gravity

7. What are the units of speed? m/s

Peer Assessment Mark /10

PowerPoint Slide Codes:

KC Knowledge Check – hyperlinks to a question slide

Find us on TES, search for “ThePhysicsStore”

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