GOOD

MORNING
To ALL!
Developing
Effective
Paragraphs
 ENGAGE
How do you make an
essay?
“Rome was not built in
a day.”
 Is it difficult to write
an essay? Why or why
not?
Guidelines in writing a
Thesis Statement
• Avoid making overly opinionated
stands.
 
For example, instead of saying, "The officers of
the ROTC are merciless slave drivers who abuse
their fellow students," you might say, "The
officers of the ROTC should exercise more
responsibility toward their authority by being
sensitive to how they lead their fellow students."
• Avoid making announcements
 
Sometimes, it is easier just to tell your reader
what you intend to write about. You might say, "In
this essay, I will be discussing the benefits of
joining the ROTC." The problem with this
statement is that it does not specify what those
benefits are or what your attitude toward the
subject is.
• Avoid stating only facts

A thesis statement like "The ROTC is a

program that prepares students to serve
in the military" does not invite much
debate from a reader because that
statement is generally accepted.
 In the previous lessons, using
pre-writing strategies, finding a

Thesis
thesis statement, and making
outlines are helpful as you write
your essay. They function as a

Statement blueprint to guide you in your

writing. However, a blueprint
alone does not make a building--its
design needs to be executed on the
raw materials with which the
building is built.
 As such, paragraphs are the
building blocks of essays.
This lesson will teach you
Paragraphs how to write effective
paragraphs by defining
paragraphs, differentiating
their parts, and enumerating
the characteristics of
effective paragraphs.
 What is a
paragraph?
PARAGRAPH
Group of sentences that deals with one particular idea.
Defined by the point that they support, the controlling
idea, and not just by how long they are.
FUNDAMENTAL RULE: only one idea should be
discussed per paragraph.
In general, considered as building blocks in organizing
longer pieces of text into prose.
Functions to introduce a new idea, develop an old one,
compare and contrast information, or provide readers
with a pause.
  Topic
Parts of Sentence
Paragraphs
 Supporting
Details
 TOPIC SENTENCE
 tells the reader the main idea of your paragraph
 reveals what you generally plan to propose, argue,
or explain.
 contains a main point that supports the thesis
statement
 topic sentence as a mini thesis statement for the
paragraph.  
 TOPIC SENTENCE
The topic sentence can be found anywhere in the
paragraph: in the beginning, at the end, or in the
middle. The topic sentence in the previous
paragraph is found in the beginning. It is usually a
good practice to include the topic sentence near the
start of the paragraph, so your readers have an idea of
what you are talking about early on.
 TOPIC SENTENCE
The circumstances which brought about the Filipino's adoption of
the [American] jeep are nearly providential. For here was an ideal,
economic carrier suited to the extremes of tropic heat and rain and
the bumpiness of Philippine highways, narrow dirt roads, and
cowpaths. In the farms, it became an indispensable wheel-horse,
unresisting despite all kinds of inhuman abuses. In the city, the
jeep evolved into something its inventors never dreamed of: the
phenomenon that has been rattling around Manila for decades-the
jeepney.
-Emmanuel Torres, Jeepneys
 
 TOPIC SENTENCE
The circumstances which brought about the Filipino's
adoption of the [American] jeep are nearly providential. For
here was an ideal, economic carrier suited to the extremes of tropic
heat and rain and the bumpiness of Philippine highways, narrow
dirt roads, and cowpaths. In the farms, it became an indispensable
wheel-horse, unresisting despite all kinds of inhuman abuses. In
the city, the jeep evolved into something its inventors never
dreamed of: the phenomenon that has been rattling around Manila
for decades-the jeepney.
-Emmanuel Torres, Jeepneys
 
 Explicit
2 Types of
Topic
Sentence Implicit/
Implied
 A topic sentence can be explicit, or it
clearly states the ideas that will be
elaborated on in the paragraph. The
previous paragraph makes use of an
explicit topic sentence, which plainly
reveals to the reader what the paragraph
will be about.
 
 There are disadvantages when you read
E-books. E-books strain our eyes when
we read them for a long time on a mobile
device. E-books cannot be read when our
devices run out of battery. Additionally,
E-books do not hold our attention in the
same way traditional books do.
 There are disadvantages when you
read E-books. E-books strain our eyes
when we read them for a long time on a
mobile device. E-books cannot be read
when our devices run out of battery.
Additionally, E-books do not hold our
attention in the same way traditional
books do.
However, a topic sentence can also be implied.  
Called the jeep, it was small in stature, easy to operate, hardy
and compact, practical. Its capacity for carrying any kind of cargo-
animal, vegetable, or mineral- in just about any shape or size, just so
you could cram it all in, was practically limitless. In the early days of
the Liberation, we wide-eyed children starved for gum and Hershey
bars would watch uniformed soldiers gallivant all over town in these
jeeps loaded with Gl goodies, like tinned K-rations, cigarettes, duffel
bags bulging with beer cans, and sometimes women. In time the
American servicemen disappeared, but the jeep remained.
-Emmanuel Torres, Jeepneys
 
 A topic sentence is implied if there is a clear
controlling idea of what the paragraph is about. The
reader will be able to determine the focus of the
paragraph because all of the details, as seen above,
are linked by an organizing theme. . In the case of
the given example, the implied topic sentence is how
the American servicemen used the jeep for carrying
cargo.  
 SUPPORTING DETAILS
Every paragraph need supporting details to
elaborate on the topic sentence. These supporting
details may range from facts, examples, or instances.
Good supporting details expound on the main tea and
act as adequate support; they are specific and stem
from the general idea established by the topic
sentence. How much detail you should include in a
paragraph depends on your purpose and the topic
sentence.
 SUPPORTING DETAILS
The circumstances which brought about the Filipino's adoption of
the [American] jeep are nearly providential. For here was an ideal,
economic carrier suited to the extremes of tropic heat and rain and
the bumpiness of Philippine highways, narrow dirt roads, and
cowpaths. In the farms, it became an indispensable wheel-horse,
unresisting despite all kinds of inhuman abuses. In the city, the
jeep evolved into something its inventors never dreamed of: the
phenomenon that has been rattling around Manila for decades-the
jeepney.
-Emmanuel Torres, Jeepneys
 SUPPORTING DETAILS
The circumstances which brought about the Filipino's adoption of
the [American] jeep are nearly providential. For here was an
ideal, economic carrier suited to the extremes of tropic heat
and rain and the bumpiness of Philippine highways, narrow
dirt roads, and cowpaths. In the farms, it became an
indispensable wheel-horse, unresisting despite all kinds of
inhuman abuses. In the city, the jeep evolved into something its
inventors never dreamed of: the phenomenon that has been
rattling around Manila for decades-the jeepney.
-Emmanuel Torres, Jeepneys
 SUPPORTING DETAILS
1.Many memes on the Internet are actually socially relevant.
a.______________________________________________________
b.______________________________________________________
c.______________________________________________________
d.______________________________________________________
  Characteristics
Paragraphs
of an Effective
Paragraph
UNITY
 all of the sentences in the paragraph are related to
the topic sentence.
 the whole paragraph should begin and end with
one focus only.
 each of the details should have a clear and
consistent connection to the topic sentence.
ADEQUATE DEVELOPMENT
 topic sentence in the paragraph should be elaborated
on using concrete evidence, different examples,
relevant facts, and specific details.
 specific details helps your readers become interested in
your topic, understand your message, and convince
them of the validity of your topic sentence.
 
COHERENCE
 sentences are arranged in a logical manner, making
them easily understood by the reader.
 achieved when ideas flow smoothly within and
between paragraphs.
 paragraph can become more coherent through the use
of logical order and signal devices.
 
 
 HOW TO ACHIEVE COHERENCE
 CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER - the details are arranged in the order
in which they happened.
 SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT - sentences of a paragraph are arranged
according to geographical location, such as left to right, up to down,
etc.
 EMPHATIC ORDER - when the information found in a paragraph is
arranged to emphasize certain points depending on the writer's
purpose.
 SIGNAL DEVICES OR WORDS - give readers an idea of how the
points in your paragraph are progressing.  
 
 THANK YOU
1.QUESTIONS

2.CLARIFICATIONS

3.SUGGESTIONS

4.ADDITIONAL INFO’S